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Background: Pseudoaneurysms are usually post-traumatic, iatrogenic, in intravenous drug abusers or due to anastomotic disruption. Pseudoaneurysms continue to be a clinical challenge in recent time.Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study of 10 years, consisting of 60 cases, we aim to document and evaluate the causes, presentation and treatment modalities.Results: All patients underwent surgical intervention. There was no mortality and minimal morbidity. Conclusions: The repair by Saphenous venous interpositional graft is the key to successful management of post-traumatic peripheral arterial pseudoaneurysm. (Ind J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2006; 22: 182-187)

Gastropleural fistula is a rare condition. We report a case where fistula developed iatrogenically during repeated intercostal drainage tube insertions for empyema.

Hydatid cyst of the heart is an uncommon lesion. Reported is the case of a 24-year-old female patient admitted with a history of chest pain and hemoptysis, and a mass lesion in the right atrium. Investigations and intraoperative intervention revealed the mass to be a hydatid cyst located in the right atrium, along with hydatid cysts of the liver and both lungs. The right atrial mass was successfully removed under cardiopulmonary bypass.

Aluminum phosphide is a lethal systemic poison with 80%-90% mortality. Survivors have taken either a very small amount or the tablet had been exposed to air, rendering it less toxic, but often causing severe esophageal injuries. The presentation and treatment of 11 cases of esophageal injury due to aluminum phosphide are described. Ten patients had esophageal stricture, and 1 had tracheoesophageal fistula with stricture. Endoscopic bougie dilatation was sufficient in 7 patients, and surgical intervention was required in 4 who underwent definitive repair via gastric tube or feeding jejunostomy with a 2(nd) stage repair planned in 2. There was no mortality but significant morbidity. Mortality and morbidity might be prevented by withdrawing this pesticide from the market, making its sale difficult, or modifying the packaging.

Background: Non malignant tracheo-esophageal fistula is a rare entity, which is usually post traumatic, post inflammatory or could be a delayed presentation of congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula.Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study of seven cases, we aim to document and evaluate the causes, presentation and treatment modalities.

The entrapment, fracture and dislodgement of diagnostic or therapeutic devices within the coronary circulation during a procedure are a rare complication occurring in 0.2-0.8% of cases. Despite technological improvements, this complication is still occurring because coronary angioplasty is often undertaken for complex anatomical situations. The complication of device fracture during the intervention procedure occurs due to entrapment, overcoiling and excessive traction of the guide wire. There has been no agreement as to whether and by which technique the immediate removal of the broken fragment of guide wire should be done. Here, we report a case of anterolateral myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. During the procedure, the guide wire was entrapped within the left anterior descending coronary artery. Despite many attempts, the wire could not be removed and even became fractured at the femoral insertion site; thus, urgent surgical removal of the wire with vessel grafting was done with a successful outcome. This gives a clear message about the importance of the ready availability of surgical backup and, particularly, the necessity for complex percutaneous interventions.

Background We have recently witnessed incredible interest in computer-based, internet web-dependent mechanisms and artificial intelligence (AI)-dependent technique emergence in our day-to-day lives. In the recent era of COVID-19 pandemic, this nonhuman, machine-based technology has gained a lot of momentum. Main body of the abstract The supercomputers and robotics with AI technology have shown the potential to equal or even surpass human experts’ accuracy in some tasks in the future. Artificial intelligence (AI) is prompting massive data interweaving with elements from many digital sources such as medical imaging sorting, electronic health records, and transforming healthcare delivery. But in thoracic surgical and our counterpart pulmonary medical field, AI’s main applications are still for interpretation of thoracic imaging, lung histopathological slide evaluation, physiological data interpretation, and biosignal testing only. The query arises whether AI-enabled technology-based or autonomous robots could ever do or provide better thoracic surgical procedures than current surgeons but it seems like an impossibility now. Short conclusion This review article aims to provide information pertinent to the use of AI to thoracic surgical specialists. In this review article, we described AI and related terminologies, current utilisation, challenges, potential, and current need for awareness of this technology.