The development of analysis and simulation of propagation characteristics of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) using scalar and fully vectorial effective index methods are described. As a result, we report how the fundamental space filling mode, guided mode and dispersion of the PCF depends on its structural parameters like its normalized air hole spacing, center-to-center spacing of the air holes in the photonic crystal or pitch and radius of the unit cell. Normalized frequency parameter V eff as a function of normalized wavelength for various relative air hole sizes is obtained to estimate the dispersion characteristics of PCF. It is observed that wavelength of zero dispersion, ultraflattened dispersion response and high negative dispersion remarkably differ from two different effective index methods.
Theoretically, we have employed a transfer matrix to examine the tunable band structure and transmission properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal that consists of periodic layers of a lossy double-negative index and magnetic cold plasma materials. Our study shows that the existence of unconventional photonic bandgaps (PBGs) is due to the material dispersion properties of double-negative and magnetic cold plasma layers and fundamentally differs from Bragg gaps, which arise due to an interference mechanism. The two new gaps, called zero-permittivity (
ε
=
0
) and zero-permeability (
μ
=
0
), near the frequency at which the permittivity and permeability of double-negative material change signs, have been found for non-zero incidence angles corresponding to
p
and
s
polarizations, respectively. These gaps can be easily tuned as well as enlarged by the application of an external magnetic field in both right-hand and left-hand polarization configurations. At a fixed magnetic field,
ε
=
0
and
μ
=
0
gaps corresponding to
p
and
s
polarizations, respectively, can be further enhanced by increasing the angle of incidence to higher values. Additionally, we have found a tunable zero-plasma-permittivity (
ε
P
=
0
) gap close to the frequency at which the magnetic-field-dependent electric permittivity of a cold plasma layer changes sign at a non-zero incident angle corresponding to
p
polarization only. Finally, we present a way by which the zero-effective-phase gap,
ε
=
0
gap, and
ε
P
=
0
gap can be joined together to produce an enlarged PBG at a non-zero incidence angle corresponding to
p
polarization only in the presence of an external magnetic field of value
B
L
=
0.473
T
. The proposed study may be used for designing of polarization triggered tunable optical devices in microwave engineering applications.
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