Objective: To investigate the ENT department’s (OPD, IPD) antibiotic
prescribing practices at a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, India.
Material and Methods A prospective, cross-sectional, non-experimental
(observational) study was performed in (OPD, IPD) department of Ear,
Nose and Throat (ENT) over a period of 6 months. Result In this study,
100 ENT patients (51 male, 49 female) were selected based on inclusion
and exclusion criteria. Ear infections were the most common reason for
visits (86 patients), followed by nose (7 patients) and throat
infections (5 patients). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were
β-lactam antibiotics, with penicillin’s (amoxicillin with clavulanic
acid) and cephalosporin’s (cefixime) being the most commonly used.
Combination therapy was used in 117 patients, with an average of 1.9
antibiotics per patient per course. A total of 40 antibiotics were
prescribed, with oral being the most common route of administration.
Only one adverse drug reaction was reported, with a suspected link to
cefixime causing an increase in rashes in one patient. The study
population had comorbid conditions of anxiety, epilepsy, and anaemia.
Conclusions To conclude, our study in the university teaching hospital
(IIMSR) highlighted lesser utilization of antibiotics in ENT infections,
as some of the ENT infections are not due to bacteria. The majority of
ENT patients admitted to the hospital appear to have bacterial
infections, and most of them reacted favourably to antibiotic treatment.
Majority of the patients used the regimen in accordance with the current
guidelines. Keywords: Antibiotic agents, drug utilization, adverse drug
reaction, ENT infection.
In Indian cities, air pollution are mostly visible now days due to rapid increase in urbanization, commercialization and industrialization. In the last few decades, the human behaviours have changed the global atmospheric condition, the present study deals with the quantitative effect of vehicular emission on ambient air quality during Dec2016-Feb 2017 in three locations viz. Indira nagar (Residential area), Alambagh (Commercial area), Amousi (Industrial area) of Lucknow city. The air quality was based on measuring Specific air pollutants namely Particulate Matter (PM2.5 & PM10), and gaseous pollutant sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) & Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) & nickel (Ni). The PM2.5 & PM10 level at all the locations were higher than the NAAQS limits. The SO2 & NO2 levels at Indira nagar were below than the NAAQS limits and in Almabhag & Amousi, NO2 concentrations were higher than the NAAQS limits. At all locations, the concentrations of the Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) higher than the NAAQS limit.
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