The usefulness of the cytology of postbronchoscopically collected sputum (PBS) samples in the diagnosis of neoplastic lung disease has been studied in 113 cases. The overall diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) alone was 77%, 87% in 77 central tumors and 58% in 36 peripheral ones. With the addition of PBS, the positive results increased to 91% in the 113 cases (p < 0.01), to 94% in central tumors (p > 0.05) and to 83% in peripheral lesions (p < 0.02). In 15 cases PBS offered the unique positive results. 73 cases with histological confirmation showed a good cytohistological correlation in 82%. Our report suggests that PBS is a useful technique in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Its systematic use does not seem to be justified in central tumors, but it is of great value in peripheral tumors when fluoroscopic control is not available.
The storage root (SR) of cassava is the main staple food in sub-Saharan Africa, where it feeds over 500 million people. However, little is known about the genetic and molecular regulation underlying its development. Unraveling such regulation would pave the way for biotechnology approaches aimed at enhancing cassava productivity. Anatomical studies indicate that SR development relies on the massive accumulation of xylem parenchyma, a cell-type derived from the vascular cambium. The C3HDZ family of transcription factors regulate cambial cells proliferation and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis and other species. We thus aimed at identifying C3HDZ proteins in cassava and determining whether any of them shows preferential activity in the SR cambium and/or xylem. Using phylogeny and synteny studies, we identified eight C3HDZ proteins in cassava, namely MeCH3DZ1-8. We observed that the expression of MeC3HDZ1 in SR cambium and xylem is higher than that of any other MeC3HDZ gene in any of the SR vascular tissues or any of the other vegetative organs. We established an in-silico pipeline which revealed the existence of a number of theoretical C3HDZ targets displaying significant preferential expression in the SR. Subsequent Y1H analyses proved that MeC3HDZ1 can bind canonical C3HDZ binding sites in the promoters of these targets. Transactivation assays demonstrated that MeC3HDZ1 can regulate the expression of genes downstream of promoters harboring such binding sites, thereby demonstrating that MeC3HDZ1 is a C3HDZ transcription factor which constitutes a strong candidate for future biotechnology strategies directed at increasing cassava productivity.
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