The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of job stress among secondary school teachers using Karasek Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), the association between salivary cortisol, salivary IgA, and sociodemographic characteristics, and the association between log cortisol, IgA levels, and job strain categories. A cross-sectional study was undertaken using JCQ and salivary cortisol and IgA samples. Cluster sampling was done yielding 302 respondents. The prevalence of stress among all teachers was 20.2%. Being a Malay, teaching experience of 5 to 10 years, and those without a supervisor's support had higher prevalence of high job strain. Teachers in the 31 to 40 years age bracket, educating handicapped children with the absence of supervisor support exhibited higher stress levels with lower log salivary IgA levels. Further studies must be conducted using salivary biomarkers to study the in-depth relationship of stress, extending into other occupational groups.
Occupational stress and burnout among staff were appraised by carrying out a systematic review. There has been an increased prevalence of work-related stress and burnout worldwide. This occupational disorder brings a total of 19-30% among common working population. The increased prevalence of burnout was seen predominantly among the staff of healthcare. Around 25-75% of burnout was noted particularly among the physicians. Around 10% of occupational diseases constituted burnout. The stress levels are measured among the staff of different groups to battle stress and burnout by executing appropriate strategies and hence, their performances are improved to attain the anticipated results.The search was carried out from 3 major databases, i.e., PubMed, EBSCOhost: Academic Search Complete and ProQuest: Education Database for studies issued from 1 st January 2007 until 1 st December 2017 without language limits, but omitted dissertation and thesis, newspapers and magazines. Different research designs were comprised in this review. The studies were recognized and regained by two separate authors.There were eight papers that satisfied the necessities of this systematic review from 812 titles scanned initially. The healthcare workers in the hospital displayed mild stress in most of the studies. The main sources of stress among the staff were heavy workload and resource scarcity.Continuous stress exposure at workplace can cause burnout among healthcare workers. Stress and subsequently burnout may lead to various diseases. To alleviate their burnout effectively, the top management should focus on resources needed and to conduct regular assessment among the staff for burnout.
This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among vector control workers in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 181 vector control workers who were working in district health offices in a state in Malaysia. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and audiometry. Prevalence of NIHL was 26% among this group of workers. NIHL was significantly associated with the age-group of 40 years and older, length of service of 10 or more years, current occupational noise exposure, listening to loud music, history of firearms use, and history of mumps/measles infection. Following logistic regression, age of more than 40 years and noise exposure in current occupation were associated with NIHL with an odds ratio of 3.45 (95% confidence interval = 1.68-7.07) and 6.87 (95% confidence interval = 1.54-30.69), respectively, among this group of vector control workers.
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Pregnancy is a natural phenomenon and process which ensures the continuation of the human species. Hence, females are given more health considerations and care, with tailored, and some specific, programs just to ensure their good health. The occupational health regulations do have sections concerning the safety of pregnant women. But it is not as extensive and tailored specifically for women. Nevertheless, the number of women entering the workforce is increasing in all sectors (Burdorf et al., 2006). This is due to improved educational levels and development for women, making them more independent and in carrying out roles, duties, jobs usually reserved by men. Women are now, are just as exposed to the hazards in working environment as men (Figà-Talamanca, 2006). These hazards poses a risk into their fecundity. Stressors from the working environment have effects on their reproductive capability.The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lists disorders of reproduction as one of the top ten leading work-related diseases and injuries (Figà-Talamanca, 2006;Yamada, 1986; CDC, 1989). However, currently there is no surveillance for such disorders of reproduction in Malaysia. The types of disorders of reproduction classified, is not specified under NIOSH. However, the common ones reported in literature are; complete miscarriage, threatened miscarriage, prematurity, low birth weight and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (CDC, 1989).Healthcare is considered as one of the professions that is highly stressful due to its work nature. It carries a large responsibility simply because it deals with human lives hence it is attempted to ensure that there is close to no margin of error (Familoni, 2008). In addition, the
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