The adsorptive removal of antimony (III) has been successfully obtained on montmorillonite (MMT) and modified MMT from synthetic solution. The adsorption behavior of the modified and unmodified MMT has been investigated as a function of initial concentration of metal ion in the solution, pH of the solution and contact time using a batch extraction process. The optimized process can be applied for the adsorption, detection and estimation of antimony from 0.006 µg/ml (6.0 ppb) to 100.00 µg/ml (100.0 ppm) in aqueous solution. It has been observed that almost 99% of antimony (III) can be successfully extracted from a solution containing 100 µg/ml of the metal ion at pH 6.0 at 25?C ± 2?C. The investigation of the kinetics of sorption of antimony (III) on MMT/modified MMTshows intraparticle diffusion to be the rate limiting step during the initial stages of adsorption followed by chemisorption
The aim of this study is to assemble the data and reflect the epidemiological statistics required as well as apply mathematical prototypical approach of the new outbreak that cover all perspectives of the facts and figures as of August 08, 2020, and thereby suggest the direction of the forthcoming epidemic situation in India for all policy makers. The outburst of the new fatal strain of coronavirus from an animal-to-human fall over in China has infected at least 204 countries as well as territories throughout the world. As of April 03, 2020, almost 972,303 confirmed cases and 50,321 deaths have been reported across the world due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that attained a huge elevation to 19.3 9 10 6 confirmed cases on August 08, 2020, of which India contributes a major part of 2.09 9 10 6 confirmed cases. It is the first neoliberal virus that easily encompasses its danger chiefly to easily susceptible including the malnutrition, the ill, and old people. As the world struggles with pandemic, India with its second largest population of more than 1.3 billion people in the world is likely to have many more cases than the numbers currently being reported. This has put numerous thousand individuals under observation in the country due to clinical symptoms, recent travel to China, Italy, Iran, and concordant entries in the relevant tailing surveys. The novelty of this approach is to rely on the exclusive source of official data, for social media and daily tracking of news reports in India that collected and curated the pertinent information.
In this study, the sorptive removal of As 3+ with promising sorption efficiency up to a very low concentration has been investigated using chitosan-montmorillonite (MMT) composites (in the form of powder and beads). In addition, the recovery of the composite from the sorbent is proposed as well. The sorbent has been observed to show a sorption efficiency of 42.0% from 0.006 µg ml -1 of metal ion. The batch adsorption model was developed to predict the equilibrium adsorption capacity with respect to the pH of As 3+ solution, contact time and initial concentration of metal ion. The maximum As 3+ sorption capacity of 48.7 mg g -1 (achieved within 10 minutes of contact time) was obtained using chitosan-MMT beads at the pH of drinking water (8.0) at 298 K. The equilibrium sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the model parameters were evaluated, wherein the Freundlich model shows the most favourable representation of As 3+ adsorption behaviour. The biocomposites show comparable high sorption capacity with detection and estimation of As 3+ from 0.004 (4.0 ppb) to 100.00 µg ml -1 (100.0 ppm) of aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetics demonstrated intra-particle diffusion as the rate-determining step during the initial phase of adsorption (up to 10 minutes of contact time), which were supported by X-ray diffraction studies; by contrast, chemisorption was found to be the rate-determining step during the later part of adsorption (after 10 minutes of contact time), which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance studies. Desorption of As 3+ from the sorbents was optimized using potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein 0.1 M of the desorbate was found to be an appreciable regenerating agent supporting the reusability of the sorbent up to three cycles, retaining 4402 µg g -1 of the metal ion.
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