The Liyang plain, located in the northwest of Hunan province, is part of the plain on the north of Dongting Lake. It is situated at longitude 111°22′30″E to 111°51′30″E, and latitude 29°35′31″N to 29°47′30″N. It is made up of the Li River, its tributaries and the alluvial plain, and occupies about 600 sq. km in area (FIGURE 1).The plain is saucer-shaped and surrounded by small hills on three sides, joined at the eastern part to the plain north of Dongting Lake. The area is a classic ‘plate-basin’ structure. Inside its boundaries, the land is broad and flat, with small streams winding in different directions, and lakes and ponds dotting the landscape. It is 32–45 m above sea level, with an incline of 2° to 3°.
The methods of Spatial Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (SDMKD) are introduced into the paper on spatial allocation and internal structure of single settlement site of prehistoric settlement archaeology. The spatial database is designed, the Jiangzhai relic map is pretreated by drawing the area and the azimuth from relic such as houses, hearths, pits, urn tombs and pit tombs in the habitation area map in first culture period of Jiangzhai site. With the decision tree classification C4.5 algorithm, this paper makes spatial classification and spatial partition to the relic, draws the rules of classification, and realizes the rapid quantitive analysis for internal structure of single site of settlement archaeology. A simple analysis of clustering algorithm is made. From a different view, paper analyses the distribution rules of each house group and the internal structure of Jiangzhai site. It draws the spatial clustering rules of each type of house group by virtue of k-means clustering algorithm.
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