Kebun Raya Bogor merupakan salah satu ruang terbuka hijau utama di tengah Kota Bogor yang padat dan sudah ada sejak zaman pemerintahan kolonial Belanda. Kebun Raya Bogor memiliki peran sebagai bank plasma ex-situ. Kebun Raya Bogor menyimpan banyak plasma nutfah dari berbagai cagar alam serta memiliki koleksi tumbuhan hidup sebanyak 3.423 spesies, 1.257 genus dan 222 famili. Namun, liken yang berada di berbagai pohon Kebun Raya Bogor masih kurang diperhatikan dan belum banyak diteliti serta diketahui spesiesnya. Nyatanya terdapat beberapa manfaat yang mungkin diperoleh dalam meneliti liken di Kebun Raya Bogor ini, salah satunya yaitu dapat mengetahui kualitas udara di sekitar kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui spesies liken yang sering dijumpai di kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi pengamatan ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, ditentukan tiga stasiun sebagai perwakilan populasi liken di Kebun Raya Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa liken dengan jenis talus crustose mendominasi dibanding jenis talus lainnya. Diperoleh 17 spesies liken dengan tipe talus crustose sebanyak 10 spesies, foliose sebanyak 6 spesies, dan fructicose sebanyak 1 spesies. Tujuh belas spesies tersebut tergolong kedalam sepuluh famili, yaitu Arthoniaceae, Caliciaceae, Candelariaceae, Cladonia, Graphidaceae, Lecanoraceae, Parmeliaceae, Phlyctidaceae, Crocyniaceae, Stereocaulaceae. Famili Arthoniaceae merupakan famili yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan nilai persentase sebesar 27%. Spesies dari famili tersebut, Cryptothecia scripta merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan presentase sebesar 21%. Jenis talus liken sangat erat kaitannya dengan kemampuan liken tersebut bertahan pada kondisi lingkungan yang ada.
Baluran National Park, West Java, as one of the conservation sites in Indonesia, has the attraction of the varied types of ecosystems, including fungi. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of fungi in Bama Coastal Forest, Baluran National Park. The method was explorative with plot purposive sampling technique. Parameters in this study include abundance, dominance, and diversity of fungi enriched with physical parameters of humidity and temperature. The fungi were documented and macroscopically observed. Data were analyzed using the abundance index, dominance index, and diversity index. This research identified 18 types of macrofungi in Bama Coastal forest, Baluran National Park East Java including Ganoderma, sp, Hexagonia tenuis, Trametes hirsute, Phellinus sp.1 and sp.2, Ganoderma applanatum, Phellinus igniarius, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Daedalea quercina, Tyromyces chioneus, Microporus xanthopus, Calvatia sp., Irpex lacteus, Trichaptum sp., Lentinus sp. Poria corticola, Tyromyces sp., and Lichemomphalia sp. One fungi species (Ganoderma sp.) has the highest abundance index (27.62). The Medium abundance index was found in three species (Hexagonia tenuis, Tyromyces chioneus, Tyromyces sp.) while the rest fungi were in low abundance index. Dominance index of all fungi species identified in Bama was in low category (D<0.5) with medium diversity (2.30). It can be concluded that the diversity of microfungi in the coastal forest of Bama, Baluran National park was a distribution medium of individual of each species and medium community stability. Environmental conditions in the Bama Coast Forest with 93% humidity and an average air temperature of 26-27oC could support for the fungi to grow quite well.
Hutan kota merupakan ruang terbuka hijau di wilayah perkotaan yang memberikan manfaat bagi lingkungan dimana salah satu komponen yang berperan penting dan belum sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan dengan baik adalah dekomposer. Makrofungi termasuk ke dalam kelompok utama organisme pendegradasi yang keanekaragamannya dipengaruhi oleh habitat dan beberapa faktor lingkungan. Keberadaan makrofungi dapat dijadikan indikator penting dari komunitas hutan yang dinamis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman makrofungi di kawasan Hutan Kota Srengseng dan Hutan Kota Pesanggrahan Sangga Buana. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode plot yaitu peletakkan plot berukuran 3 x 3 m berjumlah 30 plot dengan teknik purposive sampling di masing-masing kawasan Hutan Kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah jenis makrofungi yang ditemukan adalah 43 jenis dengan komposisi 21 jenis makrofungi ditemukan di Hutan Kota Pesanggrahan Sangga Buana dan 22 jenis makrofungi ditemukan di Hutan Kota Srengseng. Secara keseluruhan Indeks Nilai Penting tertinggi yang terdapat pada Hutan Kota Pesanggrahan Sangga Buana yaitu jenis Pleurocybella porrigens (37.25%) sedangkan INP tertinggi pada Hutan Kota Srengseng yaitu jenis Xylaria polymorpha (45.82%). Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon Wienner diperoleh Hutan Kota Srengseng memiliki nilai keanekaramanan lebih tinggi (H’=2.90) dibandingkan Hutan Kota Pesanggrahan Sangga Buana (H’=2.65).
Fusarium sp. has been known as a pathogenic agent causing fruit rots in chili and potentially decrease annual chili production rates. One plant potentially utilized for controlling Fusarium is purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Purple sweet potato contain active compounds in the form of flavonoids, which has been previously revealed to perform antifungal activity. This study aimed to determine antifungal activity of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves as a bio fungicide for inhibiting the growth of Fusarium sp.-caused chili fruit rots. This work was conducted by testing the ethanol-extracted purple sweet potato leaves extracts against Fusarium sp. with in vitro assays. It was conducted by applying disc-diffusion method to observe the antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. This study showed inhibitory ability of the leaves extract against the growth of Fusarium sp. to range between 46.9 to 89.2%. Besides, in vitro treatment of the leaves extract at 40% concentration was discovered to significantly inhibit the incubation time of Fusarium sp. fruit rot compared to other treatment groups. These findings suggested the leaves extract at 40% concentration to be a potential bio fungicide for controlling Fusarium fruit rots on chili.
Fusarium sp. has been recognized as a pathogenic agent causing fruit rot in chili. The disease significantly decreases the annual chili production rate. One of the plants potentially utilized as biofungicide to control Fusarium fruit rot disease in chili is purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Purple sweet potato contains secondary metabolites, mainly the active compounds in the form of flavonoids, which has been previously revealed to perform antifungal activity. This study aimed to examine the potential of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf extract as biofungicide to inhibit the growth of chili rot disease caused by Fusarium sp. within vitro and in vivo assay. This work was conducted by testing the ethanol-extracted purple sweet potato leaves extracts against Fusarium sp. with various concentrations, i.e., 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/v) for in vitro assay. Then antifungal test against Fusarium sp. was conducted using preventive and curative test for in vivo assay. Observations were performed for 7 days. The result of in vitro assay showed inhibitory ability of the leaves extract against the growth of Fusarium sp. to range between 35.2-76.6% with potential concentration 40% (w/v). Based on the results of in vivo assay, the preventive test using 40% concentration of purple sweet potato leaves extract showed significant different against negative control through Duncan test (α = 0.05). Purple sweet potato leaves extract with 40% concentration can reduce the intensity of Fusarium fruit rot disease and potentially utilized as biofungicide.
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