This is a repository copy of Does the rise of transnational governance 'hollow-out' the state? Discourse analysis of the mandatory Indonesian sustainable palm oil policy.
Distribution of fish in river is controlled by physico-chemical properties of the water which is affected by land-use complexity and intensity of human intervention.A study on fish distribution was carried out in the upper Citarum River to map the effects of physio-chemical properties on habitat use. A survey was conducted to collect fish and to measure the water quality both on dry and rainy season. The result showed that distribution of the fish, in general, represented their adaptive response to physico-chemical properties. The river environment could be grouped into two categories: (i) clean and relatively unpolluted sites, which associated with high DO and water current, and (ii) polluted sites characterized by low DO, high COD, BOD, water temperature, NO 3 , PO 4 , H 2 S, NH 3 , and surfactant. Fish inhabiting the first sites were Xiphophorus helleri, Punctius binotatus, Xiphophorus maculatus, and Oreochromis mossambicus. Meanwhile, the latter sites were inhabited by Liposarcus pardalis, Trichogaster trichopterus, and Poecilia reticulata. Knowledge about fish distribution in association with the pysicochemical properties of water is crucial especially for the river management.
Spatial approaches, based on the deformation measurement of volcanic domes and crater rims, is key in evaluating the activity of a volcano, such as Merapi Volcano, where associated disaster risk regularly takes lives. Within this framework, this study aims to detect localized topographic change in the summit area that has occurred concomitantly with the dome growth and explosion reported. The methodology was focused on two sets of data, one LiDAR-based dataset from 2012 and one UAV dataset from 2014. The results show that during the period 2012–2014, the crater walls were 100–120 m above the crater floor at its maximum (from the north to the east–southeast sector), while the west and north sectors present a topographic range of 40–80 m. During the period 2012–2014, the evolution of the crater rim around the dome was generally stable (no large collapse). The opening of a new vent on the surface of the dome has displaced an equivalent volume of 2.04 × 104 m3, corresponding to a maximum −9 m (+/−0.9 m) vertically. The exploded material has partly fallen within the crater, increasing the accumulated loose material while leaving “hollows” where the vents are located, although the potential presence of debris inside these vents made it difficult to determine the exact size of these openings. Despite a measure of the error from the two DEMs, adding a previously published dataset shows further discrepancies, suggesting that there is also a technical need to develop point-cloud technologies for active volcanic craters.
Abstract. Sunardi, Astari AJ, Pribadi TDK, Rosada KK. 2017. Accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under an elevated temperature and its ambient concentrations. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 18-22. The problems of heavy metal pollution combined with the issue of climate warming has attracted a growing international concern, particularly to those exert very toxic effects to organisms and human, e.g. mercury. There have been evidences for temperature effect on metal uptake, accumulation and toxicity; but only few of those on metal elimination. An experimental work was set up to investigate the effect of higher water temperature and ambient concentration on both accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using 50-L aquarium, fish were exposed to room and 32 o C temperature combined with 10 and 20 µg/kg Hg concentration. Test fish were treated for 28 days for accumulation phase, and then transferred to Hg-free water for 7 days for elimination. Data of the Hg accumulation and elimination from the flesh, liver and kidney were analyzed using one-way Anova. The results indicated that higher water temperature and ambient mercury have increased accumulation in the liver and the kidney, but not in the flesh. Higher rate of Hg elimination occurred in higher water temperature resulting Hg deposits did not differ among treatments. However, the Hg deposits remained higher compared to those in the original state representing a potential risk to either fish or human. The kidney and the liver of Nile Tilapia seemed to be the preferable depository organs for mercury.
The Development of palm oil in Indonesia has been associated with its environmental impact. Concerns such as deforestation, biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emission which will lead to climate change had triggered the stakeholders' urgency in initiating the sustainable palm oil certification scheme, namely RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil). This certification scheme included numerous criteria that have to be fulfilled by the palm oil companies. However, the scheme is not incorporating the local ecological concerns as part of the assessment criteria, whereas, if they are applied, will contribute to better monitoring process towards the sustainability. In order to cover this issue, it is necessary to characterize the criteria based on each plantation site's characteristics. Using the ecosystem approach principle, this case study emphasizes the prioritization of the ecological criteria. The case study was conducted in Nyuruk and Tanjung Rusa, Belitung. The High Conservation Value (HCV) criteria have been used as guidance in formulizing the proposed ecological criteria based on ecological condition of Belitung. Afterwards, the perception of palm oil stakeholders gathered to mediate the prioritization of the criteria. As results, the conservation of water resources and forest; the wildlife conservation and firing prevention; and endangered ecosystem conservation, key habitat, and ecological corridor for the species were considered as having high priority. Moreover, both the landscape and topography considerations; and the flood prevention in the plantation area were considered as having low priority. To conclude, we recommend incorporating the reviewed local ecological criteria in the existing sustainable palm oil certification scheme.
Sustainable development and the goals that have been set by the UN are the results of mutual agreement on various pressing issues that must be addressed by our society. Along with the pandemic conditions that hit various parts of the world, the challenges for the realization of sustainable development are getting higher. Geospatial technology offers reliable tools to support the various processes and stages of planning, analysis, problem-solving, decision making, and process management necessary to pursue this common goal. GIScience has a very important role in investigating opportunities to help solve sustainable development problems. This study presents the state of the art of how GIScience plays a role to achieve sustainable development goals particularly during pandemic covid situations which resulting in a backward for some actors in several countries to achieve these goals. This study uses the content analysis method to analyze various issues related to sustainable development, SDGs, pandemic covid-19, and GIScience. Not only providing state of the art of research, but this paper also presents how actually GIScience can help to accelerate the problems thus the ultimate goal of sustainability can be achieved.
Current sustainability assessment methods are mostly disseminated at global or national scales. However, the sustainability criteria often fail to capture many ecological characteristics that are important to the local population. This article aims to understand the importance of ecological criteria for sustainability by reviewing the literature on issues related to the implementation of ecological criteria on global, national, and local scales. This study uses qualitative content analysis by examining secondary data searches such as journal articles and research reports regarding the topics. We use NVIVO software for theme coding. We also use a case study in the oil palm plantation in Belitung Island and the Indonesian palm oil sector to see how global and national ecological criteria for sustainable palm oil were designed and whether it is adaptable to the local context. This study reveals three main themes namely the function of ecological criteria and indicators, the adaptation of global and regional criteria, and the importance of local characteristics and value. We concluded that although global and national criteria for sustainable palm oil have been established, the characteristics of local biodiversity and social value and its prioritization are needed to ensure sustainability reached the lowest scale.
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