Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, anti-proliferation and anti-migration effect of the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides on trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell line. Methods: Aaptos suberitoides was collected from Tinjil Island, Banten, Indonesia, and was processed with maceration and ethanol extraction. HCC-1954 cells were treated with the ethanol extract and then followed by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess cytotoxicity, clonogenic assay and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid assay to evaluate anti-proliferative effect in two-dimensional and 3D model, respectively, and wound healing assay to determine anti-cell migration effect. Four parametric regression was used to analyse the IC 50 . Results: This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides suppressed cell viability in correlation with cell death induction. The IC 50 values of the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides using MTT assay and clonogenic assay were 12.0 ppm and 4.36 ppm, respectively. The extract demonstrated an inhibition effect on spheroid growth. In low concentration, the extract of Aaptos suberitoides inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, MS analysis showed that the most abundant compounds in this extract has molecular weight m/z 229.81 [M+H]+. Conclusion: This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides demonstrates cytotoxicity, anti-proliferation and anti-migration effect as well as inhibition effect on three-dimensional spheroid growth in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell line.
Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of ethanol extract from marine sponge Stylissa carteri in both parental and paclitaxel-resistant HeLa cervical cancer cells. Methods: This was an experimental in-vitro study subjected ethanol extract from Stylissa carteri obtained from Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Jakarta. Both parental and paclitaxel-resistant HeLa cells were treated with ethanol extract followed by microscopic observation and MTT assay. The IC 50 and drug curves were analyzed using four-parametric logistic regression by SigmaPlot for Windows version 12.0 from Systat Software Inc., USA. Results: Ethanol extract from Stylissa carteri triggered cell death-associated morphological changes in parental Hela cells. It demonstrated cytotoxic activities with an IC 50 value of 1 ppm. Importantly, this extract also triggered cell death in paclitaxel-resistant HeLa cells. The IC 50 of ethanol extract of Stylissa carteri was 4 ppm in paclitaxel-resistant HeLa cells. Conclusions: There is a potential cytotoxic activity of Stylissa carteri that is not only confirmed in parental HeLa cells but also in paclitaxel-resistant HeLa cells.
Objective: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has different clinical and pathological characteristics compared to late-onset CRC (LOCRC). Mortality rate as a post-operative outcome is a patient's postoperative outcome considered based on the state of life or death. The objective of this research is to analyze the comparison between clinicopathological aspect of early-onset vs late-onset CRC as well as their correlation with the mortality rate in Indonesia to support global data. We performed a case-control study on 170 subjects with CRC from November 2021- November 2022 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Data were extracted from electronic medical records Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Registry. Bivariate and correlation analyses were used to analyse the difference between variables using IBM SPSS 24.0. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Anemia and tumor location variables were significantly different in the early-onset group compared to the late-onset group (P<0.001). It was also found that anemia (P<0.001), pathological features (P<0.001), and tumor location (P=0.013) had significantly low correlation with onset of CRC (r=0.325; r=0.397; r=0.342, respectively). There is no statistically significant correlation between the clinicopathological features of CRC in both onset and mortality rates in this study.
BACKGROUND: Since pregnancy increases the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its morbidity in pregnant women, it is necessary and recommended to prevent COVID-19 in pregnant women by vaccination such as by messenger RNA (mRNA) and inactivated vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies produced from vaccination have different results according to the type of vaccine given. The previous studies showed that IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were influenced by various factors such as gestational weeks at the time when vaccines were given. Moreover, there have been no previous studies on the effect of gestational age on quantitative IgG levels after the second dose of the vaccine especially in Indonesia during this pandemic due to some restrictions on daily activities. AIM: The aim of this study is to see the effect of giving the COVID-19 vaccine based on maternal gestational age (in trimester units) on maternal immunity (IgG SARS-CoV-2) in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Bandung Kiwari Hospital and Dr. Slamet Hospital, Garut. METHODS: This was a retrospective and cohort study by taking secondary data using consecutive sampling from the previous tests on the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after two doses of inactivated vaccine and mRNA. Healthy pregnant women 14–34 weeks at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung, Bandung Kiwari Hospital, and Dr. Slamet Hospital for the period October 2021 to January 2022 were the target population of this study. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 103 samples met the criteria. Examination of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels procedures was carried out using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 28.00 and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p = 0.236, p > 0.05) between the mean maternal age in the mRNA and inactivated vaccine groups. The mRNA and inactivated vaccine groups also had no significant difference in the gestational age category (0.70). There was a significant difference (p = 0.0001) between the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after the vaccine in the mRNA and inactivated vaccine groups. There was no significant difference in the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the gestational age group after the mRNA vaccine (p = 0.426) and after the inactivated vaccine (p = 0.293). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the subgroup analysis in each gestational age group (second trimester and third trimester) between SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels after the mRNA vaccine compared to inactivated vaccine. DISCUSSIONS: The mRNA vaccine is based on the principle that mRNA is an intermediate messenger to be translated to an antigen after delivery to the host cell via various routes. However, inactivated vaccines contain viruses whose genetic material has been destroyed by heat, chemicals, or radiation, so they cannot infect cells and replicate but can still trigger an immune response. The administration of the vaccine in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy has the same results in increasing levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after mRNA and inactivated vaccination in this study. CONCLUSIONS: mRNA vaccination in pregnant women is better than inactivated vaccines based on the levels of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after vaccination. The maternal trimester of pregnancy was not a factor influencing the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after either mRNA or inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations in this study.
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