No abstract

Bioactive compounds are comprised of small quantities of extra nutritional constituents providing both health benefits and enhanced nutritional value, based on their ability to modulate one or more metabolic processes. Plant-based diets are being thoroughly researched for their cardiovascular properties and effectiveness against cancer. Flavonoids, phytoestrogens, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids are some of the bioactive compounds that aim to work in prevention and treating the cardiovascular disease in a systemic manner, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are the most important characteristics that make them favorable candidates for CVDs treatment. However, their low water solubility and stability results in low bioavailability, limited accessibility, and poor absorption. The oral delivery of bioactive compounds is constrained due to physiological barriers such as the pH, mucus layer, gastrointestinal enzymes, epithelium, etc. The present review aims to revise the main bioactive compounds with a significant role in CVDs in terms of preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures. The advantages of nanoformulations and novel multifunctional nanomaterials development are described in order to overcome multiple obstacles, including the physiological ones, by summarizing the most recent preclinical data and clinical trials reported in the literature. Nanotechnologies will open a new window in the area of CVDs with the opportunity to achieve effective treatment, better prognosis, and less adverse effects on non-target tissues.

Crohn's Disease (CD) insinuates to chronic inflammation of the intestine where the inflammation is greatly T-cell mediated. The perception of CD at present stretch is restricted, public health inspections are carried out as it supports eminent aptitude. It's more common in the developed countries. CD is a recurrent, dynamic and deadly infection. CD is not easy to diagnose due to the overlapping symptoms. It has been elucidated that CD commonly develops at a young age, usually before the age of 17. About 20% of the population suffering from CD is most commonly linked with family background bearing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This review elucidates the history, epidemiology, etiology, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of CD for better management and to provide appropriate treatment for the disease. No permanent cure of the disease is yet known but the symptoms of the disease can be managed through medication, surgical resection and some alternative medicines for cure of this disease.