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Literature acknowledges that pre-service teachers' memories of their past might influence how they see their future as teachers, and thus on the construction of their teacher identity. However, we know little about the nature of the relation between pre-service teachers' views of the ideal teacher and their memories of their own school teachers, particularly regarding specific subject disciplines, such as biology and geography. This study addresses the significance of this relation. Narratives from three pre-service elementary teachers reveal that positive memories of biology and geography teachers and future-oriented reflection connect their past and the ideal teacher. The findings suggest that just one positive memory can have far-reaching significance. In addition, their views of the ideal teacher were found not to be subject-specific. Finally, suggestions for teacher education are presented. Raimo Kaasila (PhD) is a professor of teacher education in the Faculty of Education, University of Oulu. His main research areas are pre-service teachers' beliefs and identity formation during teacher education, as well as affective domain and the use of narrative and rhetorical methods in teacher and mathematics education. ANNE PELLIKKA

This study examines pre-service primary school teachers (PSTs) possible selves in relation to science teaching and the ways in which these possible selves change over time.This longitudinal study adds to the body of knowledge by examining PSTs' possible selves at various time points throughout their teacher preparation: three PSTs, selected from a wider sample, were interviewed three times about their future aspirations as science teachers. Narrative analysis was applied to show the changes in three PSTs' possible selves in response to the science methods course and teaching practicum. PSTs articulated general, collective and specific hoped-for and feared possible selves. Our findings highlight the changes in the possible selves that pertain to their cognitive and affective dimensions and occurred in different stages of teacher education. These changes were significant for the development of PSTs' identity. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of science teaching.

This paper centers on to evaluate whether and to what extent the learning objectives of the geography curricula emphasize students' higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), and whether students are capable of answering to HOTS-questions by using the Finnish upper secondary geography education as an example. The revised Bloom's taxonomy was used as a framework for the content analysis. The findings show that geography has the potential to enhance students' HOTS, but students experience difficulties when answering to HOTS-questions. The results could be used to evaluate the desired thinking skills and knowledge dimensions in geography education for to enhance students meaningful learning.

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