Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. eHealth interventions may reduce exposure to violence and health-related consequences as the technology provides a safe and flexible space for the target population. However, the evidence is unclear. Objective The goal of the review is to examine the effect of eHealth interventions compared with standard care on reducing IPV, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women exposed to IPV. Methods We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, Scopus, Global Health Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for published and unpublished trials from inception until April 2019. Trials with an eHealth intervention targeting women exposed to violence were included. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Trials that reported effect estimates on overall IPV; physical, sexual, and psychological violence; depression; or posttraumatic stress disorder were included in meta-analyses. Results A total of 14 trials were included in the review; 8 published trials, 3 unpublished trials and 3 ongoing trials. Of the 8 published trials, 2 were judged as overall low risk of bias trials. The trials reported 23 types of outcomes, and 7 of the trials had outcomes that were eligible for meta-analyses. Our pooled analyses found no effect of eHealth interventions on any of our prespecified outcomes: overall IPV (SMD –0.01; 95% CI –0.11 to 0.08; I2=0%; 5 trials, 1668 women); physical violence (SMD 0.01; 95% CI –0.22 to 0.24; I2=58%; 4 trials, 1128 women); psychological violence (SMD 0.07; 95% CI –0.12 to 0.25; I2=40%; 4 trials, 1129 women); sexual violence (MD 0.36; 95% CI –0.18 to 0.91; I2=0%; 2 trials, 1029 women); depression (SMD –0.13; 95% CI –0.37 to 0.11; I2=78%; 5 trials, 1600 women); and PTSD (MD –0.11; 95% CI –1.04 to 0.82; I2=0%; 5 trials, 1267 women). Conclusions There is no evidence from randomized trials of a beneficial effect of eHealth interventions on IPV. More high-quality trials are needed, and we recommend harmonizing outcome reporting in IPV trials by establishing core outcome sets. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019130124; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=130124
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions may reduce exposure to violence and health-related consequences as the technology provides a safe and flexible space for the target population. However, the evidence is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of eHealth interventions compared to standard care on reducing intimate partner violence, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women exposed to intimate partner violence. METHODS We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PsycInfo, Scopus, the Global Health Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform for published and unpublished trials from inception up to April 2019. Trials with an eHealth intervention targeted women exposed to violence were included. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Trials that reported effect estimates on overall intimate partner violence, physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder were included in meta-analyses. RESULTS A total of fourteen trials were included in the review; eight published trials, three unpublished trials and three ongoing trials. Two out of the eight published trials were judged as overall low risk of bias trials. The trials reported a total of 23 different types of outcomes and seven of the trials had outcomes that were eligible for meta-analyses. Our pooled analyses found no effect of eHealth interventions on any of our pre-specified outcomes: overall IPV (SMD: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.08; I2=0%; five trials, 1668 women); physical violence (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.22 to 0.24; I2=58%; four trials, 1128 women); psychological violence (SMD: 0.07; 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.25; I2=40%; four trials, 1129 women); sexual violence (MD: 0.36; 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.91; I2=0%; two trials, 1029 women); depression (SMD: -0.13; 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.11; I2=78%; five trials, 1600 women); and PTSD (MD: -0.11; 95% CI: -1.04-0.82; I2=0%; five trials, 1267 women). CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence from randomised trials of a beneficial effect of eHealth interventions on IPV. More high-quality trials are needed and we recommend harmonising outcome reporting in IPV trials by establishing core outcome sets. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO: CRD42019130124.
ObjectiveTo assess the evidence of the association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and postpartum depression. IPV during pregnancy can have immediate and long-term physical and mental health consequences for the family. Therefore, it has been hypothesised that IPV may affect the risk of developing postpartum depression.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Global Health Library, Scopus and Google scholar were searched for published studies without restrictions on language, time or study design (up to May 2020). Studies were included if they assessed postpartum depression using the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (cut-off≥10), among women who had been exposed to IPV (emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse). The quality of studies was judged according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.ResultsA total of 33 studies were included in the review (participants n=131 131). The majority of studies found an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Overall, studies measured both exposure and outcome in various ways and controlled for a vast number of different confounders. Thirty percent of the studies were set in low-income and lower-middle-income countries while the rest were set in upper-middle-income and high-income countries and the association did not differ across settings. Among the studies reporting adjusted OR (aOR) (n=26), the significant aOR ranged between 1.18 and 6.87 (95% CI 1.12 to 11.78). The majority of the studies were judged as ‘good quality’ (n=20/33).ConclusionWe found evidence of an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Meta-analysis or individual patient data meta-analysis is required to quantify the magnitude of the association between IPV and postpartum depression.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209435.
This essay aims to contribute to the understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on a Norwegian- Russian social work research project. The reflexive act of writing about the project’s disrupted startup is an exercise of flexibility and dynamics in the research process. Well known grips for those of us working with qualitative inquiry. Still, the unpredictable landscape, uncertainty of what would come next, and the insecurity in the present moved us as researchers towards new local and contextual knowledge, forced by the pandemic’s extensive effects.
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