Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures with great technological potential. These topologically non-trivial non-coplanar spin textures give rise to a topological Hall effect, enabling the purely electronic detection of magnetic skyrmions. We report a clear topological Hall effect in thin films of the the Heusler alloy Mn2CoAl, a ferromagnetic spin-gapless semiconductor, capped by a thin layer of Pd. We exploit the strong thickness- and temperature-dependence of the anomalous Hall effect in this system, tuning it to zero to enable the unambiguous measurement of the topological Hall effect, which is observed for temperatures between 3 K and 280 K. The topological Hall effect is evidence of skyrmions, and we demonstrate the simultaneous coexistence of opposite polarity skyrmions using a novel method involving minor field loops of the Hall effect.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding in many industrial applications because of the versatile possibilities of fast and complex fabrication of added value products. This manufacturing process would significantly reduce manufacturing time and development cost for nuclear components. However, the process leads to materials with complex microstructures, and their structural stability for nuclear application is still uncertain. This study focuses on 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) in the context of nuclear application, and compares with a cold-rolled solution annealed 316L sample. The effect of heat treatment (HT) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and mechanical properties is discussed. It was found that after HT, the material microstructure remains mostly unchanged, while the HIP treatment removes the materials porosity, and partially re-crystallises the microstructure. Finally, the tensile tests showed excellent results, satisfying RCC-MR code requirements for all AM materials.
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