Alternatives of vegetations to store carbon need to be encouraged considering that forests are threatened by widespread destructions. One such vegetation is grasslands which have the potential for carbon storage and to reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. At present, many enterprises have designed grasslands for animal feed. Grassland at Little Farmers, Cisarua, West Bandung was established for many purposes, i.e. recreation, education, and animal feed. The purpose of this research was to study the potential of carbon stock in grassland vegetation at this location. Based on RaCSA method, the tree biomass was determined by nondestructive collection of density and basal area of trees, then calculated by an allometric equation. The ground cover biomass was determined by destructive collection of grass and roots. Total measured biomass was multiplied by 46% to obtain carbon storage. Based on the results, the potential of carbon stock in Little Farmers grassland is 6,506.23 kg/m2 with the potential for carbon storage below the ground (0.129 kg / m2) was slightly higher than the carbon stored above the ground (0.101 kg / m2). Carbon stored in ground cover had been proven to be lower than woody plants (6,506 kg / m2). This study has pioneered in finding the carbon stocks potential of a man-made grassland, so it provides basis of an alternative land use that can be encouraged for carbon sequestration. For many enterprises, this study will aid in the conduct and management planning of grasslands with regards to ecosystem services preservation, such as carbon sequestration.
As one of complex socio-ecological systems, a coffee production system comprises dynamic interactions between social, economic, and ecological factors. This type of production system which is managed by smallhoder farmers not only provides economic gain, but also social equity and may has a potential to influence environmental quality. A study focused on identifying dynamics interaction between emerged drivers (economics, social quality, environmental quality, technology) and analyzing the polarity dominance of feedback process in order to find the most influental drivers in the adoption of sustainable production system has been carried out in smallholder coffee plantation in Pangalengan, Bandung, Indonesia. Within this approach, a qualitative system dynamics modelling namely causal loop diagram (CLD) were used as a system visualization tool. These analyses resulted insight into the behaviour that may cause a potentially grown or destructive (reinforcing loops), or conversely a stabilizing (balancing loop) behaviour. A polarity loop analysis found that each main driver may has a potential to influence the system to be grown or deteriorated due to its reinforcing loop dominance. The reinforcing feedbacks would tend to escalate the process and result in a sustainable state of the system. However, conversely this behaviour also would tend to declince the feedback process and result in an unsustainable state of the system. It indicates that instability of the process are most likely existed in the system. The most influental driver in this behaviour would be social quality, regarding its highest loop polarity differences. A management and intervention strategies are needed to prevent deterioration of the system, particularly with involving the social quality driver.
The 4th Conference on Sustainability Science at the University of Padjadjaran (UNPAD) "Sustainability Science Post COVID-19 : Social Distancing Life, Approaching Natural Life" is an important milestone in the three decades history of the Greening of Industry Network (GIN) because this conference is meant to serve as a platform to dialogue about the effects and ways to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the Sustainabilty Science. The pandemic has pushed the social and economic boundaries of the Social Life at all existing levels. Moreover, it calls for re-alignments -locally and across regions-in the way we produce, consume and interact among different actors to better approach and connect with the Natural life (environment).Innovative concepts and new perspectives that expand the current scientific knowledge in response to this challenges make part of the cutting-edge research selected for presentation at this conference with the purpose to build a more sustanaible future post pandemics. This conference is about is resarch that reflects the interdisciplinarity and intersectoriality needed for such new developments and shows the relevance of a systematic and connecting approach in times of physical distancing.Following the elements above mentioned, the Call for Papers attached to this conference enphasized connectiveness as a factor in all and each of the topics promoted, e.g the connection between livelihood quality, health and wellbeing; the nexus between equity and equality across regions; the connections among business through their supply chains and intersectorially collaboration. All of them framed and discussed under the interdisciplinary perspective of Sustainability Science.The nexus between pandemics and sustainability science nexus is not only a relevant and actual topic to be discussed and developed into a interdisciplinary knowledge program but also as an strategic response to help individuals and society, as a whole, to be better prepared to prevent its risks and damages and to understand how to change so we can interconnect in a more sustainable way. This is the special contribution of the 4th Conference on sustainability Science at UNPAD on October 8, 2020. GIN supports the uniqueness of this event and the commitment showed by the organizing committee leaders to look for developing knowledge that builds a pandemia-resilient sustainable society.
Rancabuaya is one of the tourist destination located in Garut, West Java. The aim of this study was to collect information about diversity of neglected and underutilized plants and their potential as human foods, particularly in Caringin Village (Purbayani, Indralayang, Samudra Jaya and Cimahi village). The methods used in this research were direct observations (survey), semi-structured interviews, individual discussions, and key informant interviews. The survey was conducted on paddy fields, agroforestries, and homegardens. Neglected and underutilized crop species were identified by literature review from Arora (2014). Plants consisted of 133 species from 53 families. There were 97.0 % of total plants in Rancabuaya known as food crops. It consisted of 99species from 42 families of food crops in Rancabuaya. More than 64% of total food crops were included to NUCS. More than 74.5% oftotal crop species in Rancabuaya categorized as vegetables and fruit plant (52 species as NUCS). There were 2 species categorized as cereals (NUCS were not found), 5 species as legumes (2 NUCS), 5 species as tubers (3 NUCS), 34 species as vegetables (28 NUCS), 39 species as fruit plants (28 NUCS), 12 species as herbs (6 NUCS) and 2 species categorized as others (1 NUCS). Review of the literature available revealed that many of neglected crops are rich in nutrient, has a potential for further food development, and potential to be promoted in market. Unfortunately, insufficiency of promotion from national policy and the lack of development of organized market could be the main reasons of their negligence.
Alternatives of vegetations to store carbon need to be encouraged considering that forests are threatened by widespread destructions. One such vegetation is grasslands which have the potential for carbon storage and to reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. At present, many enterprises have designed grasslands for many purposes. Grasslands at Cikalong Wetan and Little Farmers, West Bandung Regency were established under different pattern of plantation stands. The purpose of this research was to study the potential of carbon stock in grassland vegetation at these locations. Based on RaCSA method, the tree biomass was determined by nondestructive collection of density and basal area of trees, then calculated by an allometric equation. The ground cover biomass was determined by destructive collection of grass and roots. Total measured biomass was multiplied by 46% to obtain carbon storage. Based on the results, the potential of carbon stock in Little Farmers grassland (159,540 ton ha-1) is higher than in Cikalong Wetan (14,482 ton ha-1). Carbon stored in tree biomass gives the highest contribution to overall carbon stock potential in Little Farmers (94.84%) while carbon stored in below-ground understorey biomass gives the highest contribution in Cikalong Wetan (52.13 %). Different management of grasslands and pattern of plantation stands resulting a different contribution of carbon stock in every carbon pool. In order to maintain the carbon sequestration potentials of these locations, an agroforestry management such as agri-silviculture need to be encouraged. This study gives a comparison of the carbon sequestration potentials between two man-made grassland ecosystems. For many enterprises this study will aid in a management planning of man-made grassland in terms of ecosystem services, that is carbon sequestration.
Human activities in modifying land use and land cover increasingly put pressure to many regulatory ecosystem services, one of which is carbon sequestration. If forests, the area with the most vegetation cover are decrease, the amount of carbon sequestered will decrease significantly. Currently, agroforestry systems or Talun (in West Java) in Sumedang was eleven times larger than secondary forest. Carbon stocks in this agricultural area need to be estimated so that their carbon sequestration capacity can be known in order to improve the quality of regulatory ecosystem services. NDVI value of the Landsat 8 OLI was obtained by conducting raster calculation in ArcMap. Field inventory was conducted by measuring stem DBH and height of all vegetation stands in 31 plots measuring 30 x 30 m, a similar plot size to the resolution of the Landsat imagery. Biomass of vegetation stands was calculated using allometric equations and then converted into the carbon content of the biomass. In order to analyze the correlation of NDVI and carbon inventory data, a Pearson product-moment correlation analysis in the form of simple linear regression, non-linear exponential, and polynomial order 2 and order 3 model were carried out. Standard error of estimate (SEE) was performed to identify the best equation to model the aboveground carbon stocks in the area. The results show that the four regression models give a positive correlation between NDVI and carbon stocks. The strongest category was the polynomial order 2 and order 3 regression model with 0.795 coefficient of determination. Yet, the linear simple regression model obtained the highest accuracy with estimated error 0.445 tons/pixel. The estimated carbon stock obtained by linear regression model was 16150.40 tons with an average of 104.95 tons/ha. Visually, according to carbon distribution map, the carbon content of vegetation stands in the mixed garden of Rancakalong was mainly distributed in the north of Rancakalong District which is located in Cibungur Village.
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