The visible luminescence caused by anodic oxidation of p-type porous silicon has been studied. It is shown that similar luminescence can be observed in n-type material by illumination with near-infrared light. Addition of a suitable reducing agent to the electrolyte solution can both suppress the oxidation of the porous layer and quench its luminescence. These results confirm a previously suggested mechanism, in which the capture of a valence band hole in a surface bond of the porous semiconductor gives rise to a surface state intermediate capable of thermally injecting an electron into the conduction band.

With the advancement of technology and the evolution of modern healthcare systems, the focus is shifting from conventional drug delivery vehicles to novel, nanosized carriers. Nanogels are an example of such nanosized drug delivery systems that have been researched at length. They can be designed to be sensitive to a multitude of physical and chemical stimuli and this endows them with the capability to deliver the drugs they carry in a site-specific manner. These intelligent drug delivery systems are biocompatible and capable of loading copious quantities of the drug. pH is a major chemical property and temperature is a major physical property of a biological system. So nanogels responsive to either pH or temperature or a combination of both, possess immense biomedical potential. This review encompasses synthetic techniques and evaluation tests to confirm the responsiveness of single pH-responsive nanogels and thermoresponsive nanogels as well as dual pH/thermoresponsive nanogels. A closer look is also taken at their biomedical applications.

This study investigated the in-vitro comparison between Asiatic acid (AA) liposomes and surface-modified liposomes of AA (coated by chitosan and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(polyethylene glycol (DSPE MPEG) separately) to treat Alzheimer's disease. The optimized formula was obtained using Design-Expert software, and liposomes were formulated as per the thin-film hydration method. Chitosan-coated AA liposomes and stealth AA liposomes were fabricated using electrostatic interaction. The prepared formulations were evaluated for compatibility, liposomal vesicle size, drug entrapment, drug content, dispersibility index, and surface morphology (transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy). Compared to AA, AA liposome (AAL), and stealth AA liposome (SAAL) demonstrated sustained-release and improved drug release rates, with 97.00 ± 0.56% and 86.42 ± 0.38% released in 18 hours, respectively. Chitosan-coated AA liposome (CAAL) showed an 85.45 ± 0.43%, better than the drug release rate in 24 hours. The ex -vivo AA permeation from CAAL was better than the other two forms of liposomes. The stability data, which signifies the vesicle size of the liposomes, drug content, and %EE of CAAL and SAAL, were consistent and showed that CAAL was more stable in simulated gastric fluid. This study suggested that chitosan-coated AA liposomes showed better stability and sustained drug release than AAL and SAAL.

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This study aims to assess medical and dental postgraduates' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and compare the KAP between the medical and dental postgraduates. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on 208 postgraduates (medical and dental postgraduates combined). The medical postgraduates belong to a tertiary care teaching hospital that is 2,000 bedded, serving a population of 1,177,361 in the southwest part of Karnataka, whereas the Dental postgraduates belong to teaching Dental hospitals from the same region as the above hospital received their accreditation by the Dental Council of India in 1970. Both the postgraduates had low KAP about the reporting system of ADRs and the ADR reporting system situated in this hospital. This study also found that the majority of the postgraduates had not attended the training sessions regarding the reporting of ADRs. This study concludes that the ADR reporting is crucial for all healthcare providers so that it initiates the exact actions by healthcare providers through which adverse events can be prevented, and will help in better drug management and thus the reputation of the hospital can be upgraded.