During the period of the study the technique for processing blood cultures did not change. Blood cultures were prepared by inoculating 5 ml of ve¬ nous blood into each of two bottles. One bottle contained 100 ml of beef-heart-infusion broth and the other contained 100 ml of beef-heart-infusion broth with 0.2% dextrose added. The broth was 5 to 6 cm deep (and will

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The isolation of a Leptotrichia buccalis-like bacterium from the blood of a patient with endocarditis associated with a prosthetic aortic valve is reported. The organism was isolated from different blood cultures. It was similar but not completely identical to Leptotrichia buccalis. The microbiological identification was confirmed independently by three laboratories, including two reference institutions. The case and the characteristics of the microorganism are reported.

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Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908 is an apicomplexan parasite with a worldwide distribution. it is of great medical and veterinary importance because it may cause abortion or congenital disease in its intermediate hosts, including man. the European bison, the largest herbivorous animal in Europe, is a species that has been saved from extinction. twentyfour of 95 examined sera of the European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) from the Białowieża Forest, Poland collected from 2008 to 2011 were found to be positive for the presence of T. gondii-specific igg antibodies using a direct agglutination test, with the antibody titre in positive animals ranging from 40 to 18 000. statistically significant differences were observed only between years of sample collection. this is the first report on T. gondii in lowland European bison living in the natural environment.

Purpose The European wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a popular game animal species. Its meat, however, can represent a reservoir of dangerous foodborne diseases and can play an important role in the transmission of many pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in the serum of hunted wild boars in Poland. Methods Using the commercial direct agglutination test, 398 serum samples collected during the hunting season 2009/2010 were tested for the presence of T. gondii antibodies, and the titre of 40 was considered indicative of T. gondii infection in analysed samples. Results It was found that nationwide, 37.7% were seropositive to T. gondii, although seroprevalence varied from 11.6 to 50% depending on the Voivodeship. Significant differences were observed between the Great Poland and Lubusz Voivodeships and between Great Poland and Warmian-Masurian. Conclusion Serological test indicated widespread exposure to T. gondii by wild boar; therefore, consumption of raw or undercooked game meat of infected animals can carry a significant risk of T. gondii infection.

Human-AI interaction in text production increases complexity in authorship. In two empirical studies (n1 = 30 & n2 = 96), we investigate authorship and ownership in human-AI collaboration for personalized language generation models. We show an AI Ghostwriter Effect:Users do not consider themselves the owners and authors of AI-generated text but refrain from publicly declaring AI authorship.The degree of personalization did not impact the AI Ghostwriter Effect, and control over the model increased participants' sense of ownership. We also found that the discrepancy between the sense of ownership and the authorship declaration is stronger in interactions with a human ghostwriter and that people use similar rationalizations for authorship in AI ghostwriters and human ghostwriters. We discuss how our findings relate to psychological ownership and human-AI interaction to lay the foundations for adapting authorship frameworks and user interfaces in AI in text-generation tasks.