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Институт проблем криобиологии и криомедицины НАН Украины, г. Харьков Ключевые слова: терапевтическая гипотермия, мезенхимальные стромальные клетки, экспериментальный инфаркт миокарда.

A study of changes in the activity of elements of the neurokinin system in the tissues of the mucous membrane of the nose in patients with rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps was carried out. The object of the study was human material, polyps of the nasal cavity, and areas of the mucous membrane of the inferior turbinates. The material was obtained from female and male patients aged 30 to 75 years, a total of 70 people (50 patients in the study group and 20 patients in the control group). To solve this problem, we used immunohistochemistry to study the localization and distribution of SP (Substance undecaPeptide) and NK1 (neurokinin1)-positive elements in polyps and mucous membranes of the nose. It was found that the formation of polyposis changes in the nasal cavity is accompanied by morpho-chemical changes in the areas of the mucosa of the inferior turbinates. Analyzing the activity of SP in the nasal mucosa in control patients and patients with polyps of different types, an increase in the number of SP-positive nerve fibers and positive cellular elements of inflammatory infiltrates in the tissues of mucous membrane with an allergic type of polyp is noted. The features of the specific signaling microenvironment in the nasal cavity, providing special conditions for the formation of various types of polyposis changes, have been revealed. The specificity of the activity and distribution of markers of the inflammatory process in the tissues of polyps of different morphological types may serve as a prerequisite for the development of methods for treating this pathology.

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The Arctic is the high-latitude part of the Far North, including the land area and the Arctic Ocean marine environment within the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation. The importance of the Arctic issues is due to the fact that in the Russian Federation the formation and scientific rationale of priorities for the development of circumpolar territory are ones of the key objectives of Russia’s economic development. The study of various areas and problems of Arctic development shows the particularly crucial role of geography in the formulation and solution of national economic objectives. The role of geography is becoming increasingly important not only because of the huge impact of the geographical factor in the Far North and the Arctic, but also due to remarkable differentiation of natural and social conditions of economic activity. In recent decades, the natural and socio-economic environment in the Arctic has been undergoing rapid transformation. One example is climate change, which may have an impact on environmental management on a global scale. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the current trends of climate change based on sources and to identify the impact of these processes on the processes of environmental management.