There is an ample number of commercial testing kits available for mycotoxin analysis on the market today, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, membrane-based immunoassays, fluorescence polarisation immunoassays and fluorometric assays. It can be observed from the literature that not only are developments and improvements ongoing for these assays but there are also novel assays being developed using biosensor technology. This review focuses on both the currently available methods and recent innovative methods for mycotoxin testing. Furthermore, it highlights trends that are influencing assay developments such as multiplexing capabilities and rapid on-site analysis, indicating the possible detection methods that will shape the future market.
K. (2021). Evaluation of Mass Sensitive Micro-Array biosensors for their feasibility in multiplex detection of low molecular weight toxins using mycotoxins as model compounds. Talanta, 222, [121521].
In this chapter, we focus on label-free techniques suitable for the detection of analytes in food samples. We demonstrate the capabilities of such techniques on optics-based (surface plasmon resonance, SPR) and acoustic-based (quartz crystal microbalance, QCM) devices using immunoassays. Label-free techniques can be miniaturised and thus can be brought closer to the point of use, such as a farm, a field, a storage space, a shipyard, a factory gate or even a restaurant. First, the working principles of traditional SPR and of a QCM are introduced. The basic terminology is briefly covered and common technical considerations, including the required surface chemistry, limit of detection, ability to multiplex, ability to work with crude samples and complexity of liquid handling, are discussed. Secondly, commercial instruments are described including Biacore, ForteBio and Q-Sense. In addition, newer technical variations such as fibre-optic SPR (FOX diagnostics), imaging SPR (Horiba), multiparametric SPR (BioNavis), and a solidly mounted resonator (BioMensio) are discussed. An overview of different commercialised optic and acoustic label-free techniques and their suitability for food analysis is included. Since most of the instruments on the market focus on more generic assays, the third part of this chapter reviews assays for food analysis that are currently being developed. The fourth and final section provides an outlook on the future of instrumentation in this field.
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