Background: Diabetes management apps may have positive effects on diabetes self-management. It remains unclear, however, which app features are particularly effective and encourage sustained app usage. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) and gamification are promising approaches to improve user engagement. However, little is known about the frequency BCTs and gamification techniques (GTs) are actually used. This app review aims to provide an overview of BCTs and GTs in current diabetes management apps. Methods: Google’s Play Store was searched for applications using a broad search strategy (keyword: “diabetes”). We limited our research to freely available apps. A total of 56 apps matched the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in terms of the features they offer to support self-management. We used a taxonomy comprising 29 BCTs and 17 GTs to evaluate the applications. Two independent raters tested and evaluated each app. Results: Interrater agreement was high (ICC = .75 for BCTs; ICC = .90 for GTs). An average of 7.4 BCTs (SD = 3.1) and an average of 1.4 out of 17 GTs (SD = 1.6) were implemented in each app. Five out of 29 BCTs accounted for 55.8% of the BCTs identified in total. The GT most often identified was “feedback” and accounted for 50% of the GTs. Conclusions: The potential of BCTs and GTs in diabetes management apps has not been fully exploited yet. Only very restricted sets of BCTs and gamification features were implemented. Systematic research on the efficacy of specific BCTs and GTs is needed to provide further guidance for app design.
ZusammenfassungManche Menschen fühlen sich einsamer als andere. Trotz dieser gewissen Stabilität interindividueller Unterschiede ist das Empfinden von Einsamkeit von individuellen und differenziellen Veränderungen in allen Altersgruppen geprägt. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Einsamkeit in der Übergangsphase in den Ruhestand und potenziellen geografischen und psychosozialen Einflussfaktoren. In multivariater Analyse zeigt sich, dass insbesondere gesundheitliche und finanzielle Ressourcen zur Vermeidung oder Reduzierung von Einsamkeit im Alter zwischen 60 und 77 Jahren beitragen können. Darüber hinaus stellt sich die Paarbeziehung als wichtiger Faktor bezüglich der Einsamkeit in dieser Lebensphase heraus: Während Menschen in einer harmonischen Beziehung bedeutend seltener unter Einsamkeit leiden als Menschen ohne eine Partnerschaft, zeigen sich bei Personen in einer Beziehung mit häufigen Meinungsverschiedenheiten keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede zu dem Umstand partnerlos zu sein. Das geografische Wohnen weist hingegen keine Zusammenhänge mit dem Einsamkeitsempfinden in dieser Altersgruppe auf. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass es in der Übergangsphase in den Ruhestand bedeutsamer zu sein scheint wie man lebt als wo man wohnt.
Der demografische Wandel führt weltweit zu einer Zunahme an Personen im höheren Lebensalter. Eine alternde Bevölkerung stellt aufgrund der damit einhergehenden Multimorbidität eine Herausforderung für die Gesundheits- und Sozialsysteme dar, darunter auch für die Psychosomatik. Die psychosomatische Versorgung von älteren Personen gestaltet sich aufgrund der Heterogenität dieser Altersgruppe in Bezug auf Lebenslage, Ressourcen und Unterstützungsbedarf komplex.
Background Loneliness is a highly relevant public mental health issue. This work presents the validation of a single-item measure of loneliness and its subjective experience: “I am frequently alone/have few contacts”. It can be used in large-scale population surveys where an economical assessment is of key importance. Methods Data was drawn from two representative German population surveys conducted in early and late 2020 (combined N = 4,984; 52.9% women; age: M = 48.39 years (SD = 17.88)). We determined the prevalence of loneliness in men and women across different age groups. In order to test concurrent validity, bivariate correlation analyses and Chi-square tests were performed. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested by investigating intercorrelations of the single-item measure of loneliness with another loneliness measure, other mental health outcomes, and associations with sociodemographic characteristics. Results Based on the single-item measure, 23.4% of participants reported some degree of loneliness, 3.4% among them severe loneliness. Comparisons with the LS-S showed similar prevalence rates of loneliness. A moderately positive relationship between the two loneliness measures was found by bivariate correlation analysis (ρ = .57, p < .001), but results indicated only weak convergent validity. Construct validity was supported by associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, satisfaction with life, household size, and partnership. Conclusions Loneliness is frequently reported in the general population. The single-item measure of loneliness is suitable as a brief screening measure in population-based assessments.
Eine Korrektur in der Tabelle ‚Tab. 4.2 ' wurde leider nicht richtig durchgeführt. Dieser Fehler ist nun nachträglich bereinigt worden. Die aktualisierte Version des Kapitels finden Sie unter
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.