Introduction: Within an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) coordinated research project (CRP), a remote end-to-end dosimetric quality audit for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)/ volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) was developed to verify the radiotherapy chain including imaging, treatment planning and dose delivery. The methodology as well as the results obtained in a multicentre pilot study and national trial runs conducted in close cooperation with dosimetry audit networks (DANs) of IAEA Member States are presented. Material and methods: A solid polystyrene phantom containing a dosimetry insert with an irregular solid water planning target volume (PTV) and organ at risk (OAR) was designed for this audit. The insert can be preloaded with radiochromic film and four thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). For the audit, radiotherapy centres were asked to scan the phantom, contour the structures, create an IMRT/VMAT treatment plan and irradiate the phantom. The dose prescription was to deliver 4 Gy to the PTV in two fractions and to limit the OAR dose to a maximum of 2.8 Gy. The TLD measured doses and film measured dose distributions were compared with the TPS calculations. Results: Sixteen hospitals from 13 countries and 64 hospitals from 6 countries participated in the multicenter pilot study and in the national runs, respectively. The TLD results for the PTV were all within ±5% acceptance limit for the multicentre pilot study, whereas for national runs, 17 participants failed to meet this criterion. All measured doses in the OAR were below the treatment planning constraint. The film analysis identified seven plans in national runs below the 90% passing rate gamma criteria. Conclusion: The results proved that the methodology of the IMRT/VMAT dosimetric end-to-end audit was feasible for its intended purpose, i.e., the phantom design and materials were suitable; the phantom was easy to use and it was robust enough for shipment. Most importantly the audit methodology was capable of identifying suboptimal IMRT/VMAT delivery.

Por perda da relevância entende-se a incapacidade das teorias de organização para responder aos desafios da atualidade. Relaciona-se tal limitação ao paradigma mecanicista predominante na Ciência Moderna, que vem produzindo um conhecimento crescentemente especializado, inadequado à complexidade característica dos problemas contemporâneos. Propõe-se como via para retomar a relevância a revisão do paradigma e a valorização da subjetividade. São apresentados exemplos de esforços teóricos nesse sentido. Além da abertura à interdisciplinaridade e à transdisciplinaridade, defende se postura não dogmática e comprometimento ético dos produtores e usuários das teorias.

Este artigo relata a experiência das autoras como orientadoras de pesquisa de dissertações e teses. Elas sustentam que o desenvolvimento de uma atitude reflexiva em pesquisa pode ser um caminho para a renovação do pensamento administrativo, da prática organizacional e da gestão e política públicas. Argumentam em favor do estímulo ao compromisso dos pesquisadores com as próprias posições ontológicas e epistemológicas, bem como com a aplicação do conhecimento produzido por seus trabalhos de pesquisa.