Angeles), AND A. M. BRODETSKY. Isolation and preliminary characterization of bacteriophages for Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 82:135-141. 1961.-A simplified procedure for direct isolation of phages for Bacillus subtilis from soil was developed. Phage enrichment was accomplished by growing streptomycin-resistant B. subtilis in medium previously inoculated with the soil sample. Contaminating soil bacteria were eliminated by adding bactericidal quantities of streptomycin and the phages were isolated by conventional agar layer techniques. By this method 1 or more subtilis phages were isolated from 15 of 18 soil samples tested. Several of these phages were unusually sensitive to chloroform and all of them were relatively unstable when stored at refrigerator temperatures. Of 6 phages retained for study, 1 was temperate for B. subtilis, but attempts to obtain stably lysogenic bacteria following infection with this phage were unsuccessful. All 6 phages had identical host ranges and were able to lyse all strains of B. subtilis tested, as well as several related species of Bacillus.
A group of six phages, SP5, SP6, SP7, SP8, SP9, and SP13, which use the Marburg strain of Bacillus subtilis as host was characterized. These phages, referred to as group 1, were examined for the following properties: host range, plaque morphology, stability, adsorption kinetics, one-step growth characteristics, calcium requirements, serum neutralization, thermal inactivation, and inactivation by ultraviolet irradiation. Five unrelated B. subtilis phages, SP3, SP10, PBS1, SP alpha, and SP beta, were included in the studies. When first isolated, none of the group 1 phages was able to replicate efficiently on B. subtilis SB19, a mutant of the "transforming" B. subtilis 168. Host range mutants capable of growth in SB19 were isolated for all of the group 1 phages except SP13, and are designated the "star" phages (SP5* through SP9*). For characterizationi, SB19 was used as host for the star phages, and another B. subtilis mutant, 168B, was host for SP13.
Avian myeloblastosis virus cannot initiate its reproduction in the presence of amethopterin or fluorodeoxyuridine. This inhibition is reversed by thymidine. Addition of either inhibitor after virus production has started does not inhibit further virus synthesis. In presence of either inhibitor, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis is inhibited by over 90%, but ribonucleic acid synthesis is not affected. Cells resume their normal growth rate 24 hr after removal of either inhibitor.Based upon the effects of inhibitors of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, the replication of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), and of its helper Rous-associated virus (RAV), may be divided into two temporal stages: (i) the initiation of virus reproduction which is prevented by inhibitors of DNA synthesis (1, 2, 17) and (ii) stages subsequent to initiation which are not affected by the same inhibitors. Since this property may be unique among certain ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, particularly the avian leukosis viruses, it seemed desirable to determine whether early events in the replication of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) were affected by inhibitors of DNA synthesis. To this end, we determined whether this phenomenon occurs under rigorous conditions of DNA inhibition in which cells were not irreversibly damaged but were able to resume normal growth after removal of the inhibitors. Under these conditions, the initiation of AMV reproduction was found to be inhibited in the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Continuation of virus production, however, was not affected.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.