Background: Anthraquinones, including emodin, are compounds with numerous pharmacological properties, including anticancer properties. The aim of this study experiment was to examine the effect of emodin, a natural compound present in the roots and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum, on the induction of mitotic catastrophe in cervical cancer cells. Material and Methods: HeLa celIs were treated with different emodin concentrations for 48 h, and cell growth was measured with 3-(4-,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolyl. The cell-cycle distribution and the level of apoptosis were determined by means of flow cytometry, using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining and propidium iodide. Morphological changes in the mitotic apparatus were evaluated using optical and confocal microscopy techniques. Results: Emodin induced an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear cells, giant cells, cells with micronuclei, cells with abnormal mitosis and damaged spindle. The reorganization of F-actin depended on the concentration of emodin. With the increase in emodin concentration, inhibition of mitotic activity was demonstrated, which was manifested by a decrease in the mitotic index, mainly in metaphase of the mitotic process and an increase in the number of cells inhibited in the G 2 /M phase. At the same time, an increase in the number of apoptotic cells was found. Conclusion: Emodin leads to death of cervical cancer cells by induction of a mitotic catastrophe.
The constantly observed increase in the number of cancer cases inspires research aimed at searching for new compounds with anti-cancer potential. In recent years, much research has focused on platinum complexes, especially their anti-cancer properties. Platinum derivatives are characterized by high cytotoxic activity against many types of cancer cells. However, among the numerous developed complexes, only cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin have found wide application in chemotherapeutic treatment. Nedaplatin, lobaplatin and heptaplatin have also gained recognition, and have been implemented in oncological therapy in Japan, China and Korea. Some of the platinum complexes are still at the stage of pre-clinical and clinical trials. The aim of the research conducted today is to search for platinum compounds that show high pharmacological effectiveness, with clearly limited side effects. In future therapeutic strategies, the possibility of using platinum complexes in conjunction with other chemotherapeutic compounds is being considered, which may contribute to increasing the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy.
Emodin induces degradation processes and promotes the death of tumor cells through a mechanism that occurs with clear involvement of the lysosomal compartment.
Aloe-emodin induces mitotic catastrophe in cervical cancer cells.
Introduction and Objective. Hazel, alder, birch, and poplar pollen allergens are a common cause of pollen allergies. In a temperate climate, wind-pollinated plants are characterized by a seasonal pollen release cycle associated with the seasons of the year and weather conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the course of pollen seasons of some allergenic plants and to determine the effect of meteorological factors on the content of pollen grains in the bioaerosol in 2021 in Kielce, Poland. Materials and method. In relation to selected meteorological parameters, the length of the total and main pollen season, the sum of daily pollen grain concentrations in the season, the peak pollen concentration, and the number of days with values exceeding the species-specific threshold concentrations, were determined. Results. Hazel and alder pollen were the first to appear in the air of Kielce. The longest pollen season was observed for birch, while hazel was characterized by the shortest season. The alder pollen release was intense, with the highest maximum concentration of pollen grains. The study revealed a significant influence of the maximum air temperature on the dynamics of hazel, alder and poplar pollen release. Birch pollen release was significantly correlated with the average air humidity. The concentration of alder and birch pollen grains also depended on rainfall intensity. The wind force had a significant impact on the pollen season of plants. Conclusions. There were various relationships between the meteorological factors and the content of pollen grains in the air. The wind speed and temperature had the greatest impact on plant pollen release, with birch and alder being particularly sensitive to weather conditions.
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