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; § and the CTAS National Working Group (NWG) ¶ Rationale for change Over the past 20 years, an increasing proportion of Canadians This article has not been peer reviewed.

Abstract. Objectives:To compare the utilization rates of CT scans in investigating minor head trauma in children in Canada, to identify the injuries determined by these scans, and to identify clinical findings that are highly associated with its diagnosis and the injury itself. Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving nine pediatric hospitals in Canada was conducted. A structured data collection method was used. Inclusion criteria included age 16 years or less, history of blunt head trauma, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) greater than or equal to 13. Data collected included demographic information, type of injury, relevant clinical information, computed tomography (CT) scan data, and clinical outcome. Clinical findings associated with CT scan and positive CT scan were identified using logistic regression. Results: One thousand one hundred sixty-four children were included in the study. One hundred seventy-one (15%) had a CT scan, of which 60 (35%) were abnormal. There was a significant difference in the rate of ordering of CT scans among the participating hospitals, but no significant difference in the rate of abnormal CT scans. Mechanism of injury, GCS, and loss of consciousness were significantly related to the presence of an abnormal CT scan. Conclusions: Although there is a significant difference in the utilization of CT scans to investigate minor head trauma in children across Canada, there is no significant difference in the frequency of head injuries in these patients. This suggests that it may be possible to determine clinical criteria that are predictive of a head injury in these patients. Key words: CT scan; pediatrics; minor head trauma. ACADEMIC EMER-GENCY MEDICINE 2000; 7:739-744 This retrospective cohort study was designed with two purposes. The primary purpose was to compare the utilization rates of CT scans in the investigation of minor head trauma in children in the nine collaborating pediatric hospitals in Canada, and to determine the frequency and types of intracranial abnormalities demonstrated by these scans. The second purpose was to identify clinical findings that are highly associated with its diagnosis and the injury itself.

These results suggest that out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among children has a very poor prognosis, especially when efforts at resuscitation continue for longer than 20 minutes and require more than two doses of epinephrine.