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We have been demonstrating label-free detection of a variety of antigen–antibody reactions using Si ring optical resonators. Although the detection of biomarkers for the diagnosis of diseases generally requires high sensitivity of the order of 10-9 g/ml, the detection sensitivity of our device is currently of the order of 10-6 g/ml. In this paper, we show that the sensitivity of 10-9 g/ml will be possible by adopting the following four strategies: (1) use of slot-type waveguides with light wavelength of 1.3 µm, (2) improvement of quality factor Q of the ring resonator by smoothing the surface roughness, (3) specific adsorption of the bioreceptor protein to the resonator surface, and (4) maintaining temperature within ±0.005 °C. We have also proposed the on-chip temperature compensation method without the need for temperature control of the sample. By combining the proposed approaches, the sensitivity of the biosensor will be improved by a factor of >100, thus realizing practical application of our Si ring biosensor.

Interfacial deposition stability at the lithium metal-solid electrolyte interface in all solid-state batteries (ASSB) is governed by the stress-transport-electrochemistry coupling in conjunction with the polycrystalline/amorphous solid electrolyte architecture. In this work, we delineate the optimal solid electrolyte microstructure comprising of grains, grain boundary and voids possessing desirable ionic conductivity and elastic modulus for superior transport and strength. An analytical formalism is provided to discern the impact of external “stack” pressure induced mechanical stress on electrodeposition stability; stress magnitude obtained are in the megapascal range considerably diminishing the stress-kinetics effects. For experimental stack pressures ranging up to 10 MPa, the impact of stress on reaction kinetics is negligibly small and electrolyte transport overpotentials dictate electrodeposition stability. We detail the deposition stability phase map as a function of solid electrolyte to Li metal shear modulus and molar volume ratios under varying operating conditions including external pressure, surface roughness, applied current density and ambient temperature. High current density operation with stable deposition can be ensured with ample external pressure, high temperature and low surface roughness operation for low shear modulus ratio of the solid electrolyte to Li metal. <br>

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Interfacial deposition stability at the lithium metal-solid electrolyte interface in all solid-state batteries (ASSB) is governed by the stress-transport-electrochemistry coupling in conjunction with the polycrystalline/amorphous solid electrolyte architecture. In this work, we delineate the optimal solid electrolyte microstructure comprising of grains, grain boundary and voids possessing desirable ionic conductivity and elastic modulus for superior transport and strength. An analytical formalism is provided to discern the impact of external “stack” pressure induced mechanical stress on electrodeposition stability; stress magnitude obtained are in the megapascal range considerably diminishing the stress-kinetics effects. For experimental stack pressures ranging up to 10 MPa, the impact of stress on reaction kinetics is negligibly small and electrolyte transport overpotentials dictate electrodeposition stability. We detail the deposition stability phase map as a function of solid electrolyte to Li metal shear modulus and molar volume ratios under varying operating conditions including external pressure, surface roughness, applied current density and ambient temperature. High current density operation with stable deposition can be ensured with ample external pressure, high temperature and low surface roughness operation for low shear modulus ratio of the solid electrolyte to Li metal. <br>

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We propose the biosensor chip using optical ring resonators. Although the detection of biomarkers for the diagnosis of diseases generally requires high sensitivity of the order of 10 -9 g/ml, the detection sensitivity of our device was of the order of 10 -7 g/ml. In this paper, we show that 10 or 100 times higher sensitivity than the previous biosensor is accomplished by the following three strategies; (1) using slot-type waveguides, (2) using silicon nitride (SiN) as the waveguide core, (3) improvement of measurement system.