It has been postulated that fatty acids found in edible oils may exert beneficial health effects by the modulation of signaling pathways regulating cell differentiation and proliferation, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, the biological effects of selected edible oils-linseed (LO) and rapeseed (RO) oils-were tested in vitro on fibroblast cells. The fatty acid profile of the oils was determined using gas chromatography and FTIR spectroscopy. LO was found to be rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), whereas oleic acid was the most abundant species in RO. Fatty acids were taken up by the cells and promoted cell proliferation. No oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxic or genotoxic effects were observed after oil stimulation. Oils ameliorated the process of wound healing as judged by improved migration of fibroblasts to the wounding area. As ALA-rich LO exhibited the most potent wound healing activity, ALA may be considered a candidate for promoting the observed effect.
Industrial wine yeasts owe their adaptability in constantly changing environments to a long evolutionary history that combines naturally occurring evolutionary events with human-enforced domestication. Among the many stressors associated with winemaking processes that have potentially detrimental impacts on yeast viability, growth, and fermentation performance are hyperosmolarity, high glucose concentrations at the beginning of fermentation, followed by the depletion of nutrients at the end of this process. Therefore, in this study, we subjected three widely used industrial wine yeasts to adaptive laboratory evolution under potassium chloride (KCl)-induced osmotic stress. At the end of the evolutionary experiment, we evaluated the tolerance to high osmotic stress of the evolved strains. All of the analyzed strains improved their fitness under high osmotic stress without worsening their economic characteristics, such as growth rate and viability. The evolved derivatives of two strains also gained the ability to accumulate glycogen, a readily mobilized storage form of glucose conferring enhanced viability and vitality of cells during prolonged nutrient deprivation. Moreover, laboratory-scale fermentation in grape juice showed that some of the KCl-evolved strains significantly enhanced glycerol synthesis and production of resveratrol-enriched wines, which in turn greatly improved the wine sensory profile. Altogether, these findings showed that long-term adaptations to osmotic stress can be an attractive approach to develop industrial yeasts.
A coupled process of ion exchange and biosorption for recovery of copper(II) from wastewater has been proposed. In this process a cation exchanger has been used as a carrier for the biofilm formation. Two different types of microorganisms capable for copper biosorption have been selected for immobilization, i.e, effective microorganisms and activated sludge microorganisms. As a regenerating agent solutions of sodium bicarbonate with aqueous ammonia as an additive have been used, which allowed operating the column under mild pH conditions. The activity of biofilm was preserved after the cyclic process of ion exchange and regeneration. The effect of biofilm on the mass transfer kinetics and the ion exchange equilibrium was quantified by comparing the efficiency of ion exchange on the fresh bed and that covered by biofilm. The linear driving force model was used for simulations of the process dynamics.
The ion exchange of ammonia in a synthetic zeolite has been investigated in the presence of Biofilm of nitrifying bacteria. The Biofilm has been cultivated on the zeolite carrier under different hydrodynamic conditions in a plug flow reactor and in a fluidized bed reactor. Samples of the carrier covered by Biofilm have been withdrawn from the reactors and packed into a miniature ion exchange column that has been used to analyze the ion exchange characteristics, i.e., to determine ion exchange equilibria and the mass transport kinetics. For this purpose, the breakthrough curves have been registered at different ammonia loadings and different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate in the solution. To analyze the mass transport mechanism and quantify kinetic coefficients, we have exploited a linear driving force model (i.e., the LDF model) and the generalized model. The ion exchange and mass transfer characteristics of the Biofilm-covered carrier have been compared to those of the virgin zeolite. The effect of Biofilm on the mass transfer kinetics and ion exchange capacity was found to be induced by swelling properties of zeolite.
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