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Prenatal MAM administration impaired histone acetylation in the mPFC, which might be involved in the development of some of the neurobehavioral deficits (i.e., sensorimotor gating deficits) associated with schizophrenia. Blockade of HDAC2 might prevent the disruption of sensorimotor gating in adulthood.

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Our results indicate that MK-801 may increase the transcriptional activity of mPFC via the activation of the epigenetic program associated with H3S10p phosphorylation during the course of experimental psychosis.

The postnatal blockade of NMDA receptors induced fear memory impairment in adolescent rats before the onset of neurobehavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia.

The aim of this study was to examine novel putative markers of the response to the competitive soccer match in adolescent players, such as changes in global levels of γH2AX and H4K16ac in the chromatin of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) and a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-based biochemical fingerprint of serum. These characteristics were examined with reference to the physiological and metabolic aspects of this response. Immediately post-match we noticed: (1) a systemic inflammatory response, manifesting as peaks in leukocyte count and changes in concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, and cortisol; (2) a peak in plasma lactate; (3) onset of oxidative stress, manifesting as a decline in GSH/GSSG; (4) onset of muscle injury, reflected in an increase in CK activity. Twenty-four hours post-match the decrease in GSH/GSSG was accompanied by accumulation of MDA and 8-OHdG, macromolecule oxidation end-products, and an increase in CK activity. No changes in SOD1 or GPX1 levels were found. Repeated measures correlation revealed several associations between the investigated biomarkers. The FTIR analysis revealed that the match had the greatest impact on serum lipid profile immediately post-game. In turn, increases in γH2AX and H4K16ac levels at 24 h post-match indicated activation of a DNA repair pathway. Soccer is an intermittent sport characterized by very demanding, high-intensity actions (i.e. sprints, dribbling, jumping, shots) that occurs in bursts over a period of low-intensity activity (i.e. jogging, walking or even brief recovery intervals) 1. As such it cannot be classified as a pure aerobic or pure anaerobic activity and would not be considered resistance training regardless. It represents a mixture of these elements, which together, especially under competitive match conditions, induces a multi-level, acute response in many physiological systems including the hematological, hormonal, musculoskeletal, metabolic and immune systems that is reflected in changes in metabolic and biochemical profiles 1-3. Therefore, soccer game-induced physiological and biochemical changes can be considered a model of whole-body somatic stress 4. First of all, strenuous physical activity has an impact on the hematological system, which manifests as changes in several parameters, mainly leukocyte count 5 and, in many cases, plasma volume expansion 6-8. In addition to transient leukocytosis 5 , the systemic inflammatory response 9 is also reflected in increases in early mediators of exercise-induced inflammation, such as circulating interleukin IL-6 and TNFα 10-12. In addition, a rise in

Social isolation (SI) during adolescence may induce schizophrenia-like behavior. In the present study, we investigated whether adolescent SI might affect the development of schizophrenia-like behavior in the MAM-E17 neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Rats were socially isolated for 10 days during adolescence (postnatal days (P) 30-40), followed by resocialization until late adolescence (P45-P48) or early adulthood (P70-P75); behavioral and neurochemical studies were performed at these ages. The behavioral studies analyzed locomotor activity, social interaction, recognition memory, and sensorimotor gating; GAD65 and GAD67 protein levels were measured in the prefrontal cortex. The results showed that SI did not affect locomotor activity, but it prevented the social interaction deficits induced by MAM administration at both of the analyzed age points. However, SI induced a deficit in recognition memory in the MAM group during adolescence, which was not observed in the MAM-treated, socially housed rats at this age. In adulthood, impairments in recognition memory were detected in both MAM groups. In contrast, SI did not accelerate the appearance of sensorimotor gating deficits in MAM animals during adolescence, and sensorimotor gating impairments were observed in both MAM groups during adulthood. Adolescent SI rearing did not affect any examined behavioral responses in the VEH-treated groups. SI altered the levels of GAD65 and GAD67 proteins during adolescence in both groups; however, the decrease in the level of GAD65 protein was observed only in the adult MAM-SI group. Thus, SI rearing during a defined period of adolescence might have specific effects on the emergence of schizophrenia-like abnormalities in MAM-treated animals.