Амиодарон -антиаритмический препарат, который применяют для лечения различных наджелудочковых и желудочковых аритмий. Молекула амиодарона сходна по структуре с молекулой тироксина и содержит два атома йода. Амиодарон и его основной активный метаболит дезэтиламиодарон оказывают прямое дозозависимое цитотоксическое действие на фолликулярные клетки щитовидной железы (ЩЖ). Это приводит к тому, что у части пациентов, получающих амиодарон, может развиваться дисфункция ЩЖ: амиодарон-индуцированный гипотиреоз (АиГ) или амиодарон-индуцированный тиреотоксикоз (АиТ). Диагностика, классификация и лечение амиодарон-индуцированной дисфункции ЩЖ представляют сложную задачу для клинициста. Настоящий проект клинических рекомендаций разработан группой специалистов, обладающих большим опытом диагностики и лечения амиодарон-индуцированной дисфункции ЩЖ. АиГ не требует обязательной отмены амиодарона. Лечение тироксином рекомендуется всем больным с манифестным АиГ, субклинические формы АиГ не всегда требуют его назначения. Выделяют два основных типа амиодарон-индуцированного тиреотоксикоза: АиТ 1 типа (является гипертиреозом, который развивается вследствие избыточного поступления йода, при автономных узлах ЩЖ или латентной болезни Грейвса) и АиТ 2 типа (развивается вследствие деструктивного тиреоидита из-за цитотоксического эффекта амиодарона). Также выделяют смешанную форму АиТ, для которой характерно сочетание обоих механизмов. Для автономного АиТ1 характерно наличие одного или нескольких «горячих» узлов в ЩЖ. Наличие высокого уровня антител к рецептору тиреотропного гормона или типичных клинических проявлений подтверждает диагноз диффузного токсического зоба и, следовательно, АиТ1. В качестве основного метода дифференциальной диагностики АиТ1 и АиТ2 предлагается использовать цветовое допплеровское картирование (ЦДК), где наличие «образца 0», как правило, указывает на АиТ2, наличие «образцов I-III» с большей долей вероятности свидетельствует об АиТ1. При АиТ1 показана терапия антитиреоидными препаратами, а при АиТ2 -глюкокортикоидами. Их комбинация рекомендуется при смешанном варианте АиТ. Больным АиТ с прогрессирующим ухудшением течения сердечно-сосудистой патологии, которые не отвечают на медикаментозную терапию, рекомендуется выполнение тиреоидэктомии в максимально короткие сроки. Если нет клинического подозрения на нарушение функции ЩЖ, то оценку тиреоидных гормонов необходимо выполнять не раньше чем через 3 мес от начала лечения амиодароном, затем каждые 6 мес.
Aim. To explore genesis of the left ventricle hypertrophy in acromegaly patient, with the method of next generation sequencing. Material and methods. Standard clinical and laboratory minimum was done, with electrocardiography, 24 hour ECG monitoring, echocardiography, magnete resonance tomography of the heart, new generation sequencing on the IlluminaHiSeq 2000 equipment with simultaneous analysis of 108 genes associated with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) and phenocopies of HCMP. Results. At the age 59 y. o. the female patient had beed first time diagnosed with asymmetric HCMP, non-obstructive type (interventricular septum 19 mm, posterior wall 11 mm, pressure gradient in outflow tract of the left ventricle (OTLV)-25 mmHg). At the age 62 y. o. she developed HCMP with dynamic obstruction of OTLV (pressure gradient in OTLV up to 80 mmHg) with progressing dyspnea on exertion, and required non-surgical reduction of interventricular septum. By the computed tomography data, at the age 63 y. o. the patient was diagnosed with endocellar hypophysis microadenoma (a tumor 6,7*7,3 mm), somatotropic hormone-53,39 mU/L (normal: 0,1-20 mU/L), insulin-like growth factor 1-359 ng/mL (normal: 118-314 ng/mL). However, with retrospective analysis of her photos, even from the age 40 y. o. there were enlarged hands, feet, nasal cartilages, ears, lips and eyebrow arcs that witness for long lasting disease course. With the new generation sequencing, there were no pathological mutations revealed. Conclusion. The case represents hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a leading clinical sign in acromegalic cardiomyopathy that imitated idiopathic HCMP. Patient management in such case should include on-time etiopathogenetic therapy that works against disease progression, and in some cases even for regression of the left ventricle hypertrophy.
Background: It is well known that primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. Precise preoperative adenoma localization is essential for increasing PHPT cure rate. Conventional localization techniques include neck ultrasound, 99m-Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT). However, all of these methods have limitations. 11 C-methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combines both anatomical and functional modalities; it may be useful in terms of lowering the imaging procedures number and improving accuracy.Methods: A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study with sensitivity and specificity evaluation was conducted. We studied the data of 91 patients with PHPT, who were hospitalized at Almazov National Medical Research Centre. Medical records, lab results, and CT imaging of all patients were analyzed. All of them underwent ultrasound. 99m-Tc-sestamibi/99m-Tc-pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy and CT were performed on 56 and 86 patients, respectively. Since 2020 11 C-methionine PET/CT has been performed on 45 patients. Then, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (PTX) was carried out in all patients.Histological results were used as a benchmark in order to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of studied methods.Parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia was confirmed in all patients. Multiple lesions were found in 5 patients.Nineteen lesions were ectopic. All patients with multiple lesions required at least 3 localization techniques, and 2 of them required 4. Results:The sensitivity of 11 C-methionine PET/CT was 98%, CT, 99m-Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy, and ultrasound showed sensitivity at 75%, 79%, and 67%, respectively. The estimated specificities of 11 C-methionine PET/CT, CT, 99m-Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound were 93%, 73%, 75%, and 70%, respectively.Conclusions: Our study showed that 11 C-methionine PET/CT has higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional techniques in a group of 19 patients. 11 C-methionine PET/CT may take a place in the imaging of parathyroid adenomas, it may replace CT and 99m-Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy while simultaneously
Prolactinomas are the most common of hormone secreting pituitary adenomas. Patients with prolactinomas generally have a benign prognosis. An algorithm is currently available for managing of this disease. Giant prolactinoma larger than 40 mm with severe invasive growth account for about 2—3% of the prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas and evidence about management of such patients is limited. This case illustrates progress of a giant prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma up to 70 mm in young male with a family history of prolactinomas in the absence of the adequate therapy for 8 years after initial diagnosis. After evaluation, it was decided to prescribe medical treatment. Cabergoline therapy started after evaluation appeared to be effective and had lead to significant decrease of serum prolactin level and shrinkage of pituitary adenoma. Described case emphasize the crucial role of identification of hyperprolactinemia among young patients on early stages of the disease. Our observation implies that treatment with dopamine agonists might be effective even in cases with giant prolactinomas.
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