RESUMO: "Produtos naturais com atividade antileprótica". A hanseníase é uma doença crônica infecciosa ocasionada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Foi considerada incurável por muitos anos. Atualmente a lepra é uma doença em desaparecimento, apesar de podermos encontrá-la principalmente nos países da zona tropical. O Brasil é o país que tem o segundo maior número de casos de lepra ao redor do mundo com quase 30.000 novos casos diagnosticados em 2005. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura dos vegetais e substâncias de origem natural com atividade antileprótica. Foram encontradas 11 plantas e 17 substâncias isoladas de plantas e microrganismos que foram classifi cados em grupos químicos adequados. Alguns aspectos de pesquisa recente com produtos naturais direcionados à produção de drogas contra a lepra também são discutidos. Foram consultadas 63 referências.Unitermos: Mycobacterium leprae, lepra, hanseníase, doença de Hansen, produtos naturais, plantas medicinais, revisão. ABSTRACTS: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacillus.It was considered to be an incurable disease for ages. Nowadays leprosy is a vanishing disease although we can meet it principally in the tropical zone countries. Brazil has the second greatest number of leprosy cases around the world with almost 30,000 new cases diagnosed in 2005. The present work constitutes a literature review on plant extracts and chemically defi ned molecules of natural origin showing antileprotic activity. The review refers to 11 plants, their families, and geographical distribution, the utilized parts, the type of extract and the tested organism. It also includes 17 compounds isolated from higher plants and microorganisms, classifi ed into appropriate chemical groups. Some aspects of recent antileprotic-activity-directed research on natural products are discussed. For this purpose 63 references were consulted.
RESUMO: "Plantas do continente Americano com atividade antimalárica". Malária é uma doença parasitária humana causada por protozoários do gênero Plasmodium. Esta doença tem acometido populações que habitam regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Anualmente, cerca de 500 milhões de casos ocorrem no mundo, o que permite ser considerada uma doença emergente de importância para a saúde pública. Neste contexto, os produtos naturais, a exemplo das espécies vegetais, têm suas moléculas bioativas como alvo para estudos farmacológicos, toxicológicos e fitoquímicos destinados à síntese de medicamentos mais eficazes para o tratamento de inúmeras doenças. Portanto, este trabalho fornece subsídio às pesquisas com produtos naturais para o tratamento da malária. Nesta revisão, 476 espécies de plantas do continente Americano foram relatadas para a atividade antimalárica, sendo destas 198 ativas e 278 inativas para algum tipo de Plasmodium, quando avaliados através de modelos in vitro e in vivo.Unitermos: Atividade antimalárica, plantas medicinais, produtos naturais, continente Americano, revisão.ABSTRACT: Malaria is a human parasitic disease caused by protozoa species of the Plasmodium genus. This disease has affected populations of the tropical and subtropical regions. About 500 million new cases occur annually on the world and therefore it is considered an emerging disease of important public health problem. In this context, the natural products as vegetables species have their bioactive molecules as targets for pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical studies towards the development of more effective medicines for the treatment of many diseases. So this work intends to aid the researchers in the study of natural products to the treatment of malaria. In this review, 476 plants of the American continent were related for the antimalarial activity and of these vegetables species 198 were active and 278 inactive for some type of Plasmodium when they were evaluated through of in vitro or in vivo bioassays models.
Eight new (1-8) structurally diverse diterpenes featuring five different carbocycles were isolated from the organic extracts of the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius collected from the coastline of the Ionian Sea in Greece. The structures of the new natural products, seven of which were halogenated, and the relative configuration of their stereocenters were determined on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including NMR and HRMS data. Compounds 5 and 8 were found to possess in vitro antitumor activity against one murine and five human cancer cell lines with mean IC 50 values 15 and 16 µM, respectively.Cancer is one of the most serious, complicated to cure and frequently deadly diseases, and carries huge economic impact in modern societies. The estimated number of cancer cases in the world accounts for approximately 15% of worldwide mortality. Ominous predictions of a 68% increase in cancer incidents globally by 2030 necessitate the discovery of novel chemotherapeutic agents [2]. Over 60% of antineoplastic drugs, including approved pharmaceuticals and molecules under clinical evaluation, can be traced back to natural sources [3].Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse 1797, a bright, scarlet red seaweed, growing on rock subtidal habitats, with a wide distribution throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the East Atlantic Ocean, has shown to be a prolific source of structurally interesting diterpenes, most of which possess at least one bromine atom . These secondary metabolites have exhibited a wide range of bioactivities, such as antibacterial [20,22,25,26,28,29], cytotoxic/antitumor [18,21,24,28], antimalarial [20], anti-inflammatory [30], and antifouling [27].As part of our ongoing interest in the discovery of novel bioactive metabolites of natural origin from marine organisms, we have focused on the chemical constituents of the red alga S. coronopifolius, which is sporadically encountered along the rocky Greek coastlines. A population of this alga previously collected in Liapades Bay at Corfu island afforded three structurally unique diterpenes, including spirosphaerol, anthrasphaerol and corfusphaeroxide [31]. Herein, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of eight new diterpene alcohols (1-8) (Figure 1) from another population collected later from another site in the Ionian Sea, including (i) four tetracyclic halogenated diterpenes, namely iodocoronol (1), the 14-iodo-substituted derivative of coronopifoliol [13], bromocoronol (2), the corresponding 14-bromo-substituted analogue, bromotetrasphaereniol (3), the ∆ 3,18 unsaturated 14-deoxy derivative of bromotetrasphaerol [14], and the methoxy derivative 4 of ioniol I [26], (ii) two bicyclic diterpenes, corotrienone (5) featuring the sphaerococcenol-like [5] α,β-unsaturated ketone analogue of bromocorodienol [12], and the double-bond positional isomer iso-bromocorodienol (6), and (iii) two brominated 6/6/6 tricyclic diterpenes, debromosphaerol (7), the unusual B/C cis-fused 17-debromo analogue of bromosphaerol [4], and the methoxy deri...
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