Propofol is frequently associated with pain on injection. Previous studies have suggested that chilling of the propofol decreases pain significantly. This prospective, randomised, double-blind trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of cold propofol compared with propofol premixed with lignocaine in minimising pain on injection. Patients were allocated to one of four groups: propofol + lignocaine 0.1 mg.kg-1, propofol + lignocaine 0.2 mg.kg-1, cold propofol and a control group consisting of propofol premixed with normal saline and maintained at room temperature. The results of this study show that cold propofol is associated with a very high incidence of injection pain while lignocaine 0.1 mg.kg-1 premixed with propofol significantly decreases the incidence of pain (p < 0.001). Increasing the dosage of lignocaine above 0.1 mg.kg-1, however, does not significantly decrease the incidence of pain further. The addition of lignocaine also significantly decreases the incidence of excitatory side-effects.
A simple portable piece of equipment applied for transferring raw milk, process milk or any other fluids to process plant. Pumps are used in a wide range of industrial and residential applications. In our Dairy Industry, pumps have various applications. Dairies utilise milk pumps for the transport of milk or cream. Also in the production of yoghurt or ice cream, milk pumps are integrated into the production process. Centrifugal, liquid-ring and positive displacement pumps are significantly used in dairy industry. Now a day’s pump having unique impeller design that gives high performance efficient pumping with the range of speed and having number of advantages related to reduced cost level as well as noise and give gentle conveying of milk.
The COVID-19 pandemic affected many lives; however, adults 65 years and older experienced challenges such as limited mobility options, which may result in more age-related declines in perceptual, cognitive, and physical functioning. This pilot study aimed to explore how older adults living in the Bay Area, California, used and perceived public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Sixteen respondents completed the survey, and the results showed that older adults who used public transportation more frequently were more concerned about contracting Coronavirus and that those with fewer transit barriers used mobile technology more often for transportation services. These findings may help transit agencies develop effective strategies to improve transportation services and increase policymakers’ awareness of older adults’ need for accessible public transportation.
Public transportation is an essential part of many older adults’ lives, but the pandemic presented new challenges for the vulnerable population. Adults aged 65 years and older experienced additional challenges, such as limited mobility options (e.g., lack of buses or trains in service due a combination of government lockdowns, fear of contracting or spreading the virus, and driver shortages in certain areas) because of the pandemic, which may have resulted in more age-related declines in perceptual, cognitive, and physical functioning. This study explores how older adults living in major metropolitan cities in the United States used and perceived public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team conducted an online survey through the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing marketplace, a platform that offers opportunities to recruit a larger number of participants from diverse geographic locations. 260 respondents completed the survey. Eligibility included: (1) residing in the United States, (2) being aged 55 years or older (the oldest age that can be selected on MTurk), and (3) having an approval rating of 90% or above (i.e., the percentage of the workers’ submitted tasks approved by survey requesters, offered by the MTurk platform). Overall, older adults reported that they had changed travel patterns since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced challenges in using public transportation, and expressed concerns about catching the SARS-CoV-2 virus while using public transportation. Mobile technology (e.g., a transportation navigation app) was perceived as a good option for finding public transportation information, but needs improved user experience and accessibility. These findings may help transit agencies develop effective strategies for improving transportation services and increasing policymakers’ awareness of older adults’ need for accessible public transportation.
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