Pain on injection of propofol. A comparison of cold propofol with propofol premixed with lignocaine

Parmar, Ankur; Koay, C. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1998.00248.x

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The incidence of pain on injection is reported to vary between 30 and 90%[2, 5, 6] and is particularly high when veins in the back of the hand are used for injection [3, 7]. A variety of strategies has been tried for the prevention of injection pain including varying injection speed and carrier fluid [8], dilution [4, 9], temperature [10] or solvent [11, 12], or the concomitant use of drugs. The most extensively studied method is to inject lidocaine before propofol [5, 13, 14] or to use a mixture of both drugs [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Prevention of propofol‐induced injection pain by remifentanil: a placebo‐controlled comparison with lidocaine*

Roehm¹,

Piper²,

Maleck³

et al. 2003

Anaesthesia

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SummaryOver a period of one year, a weekly telephone survey identified 161 stable patients with weaning delay (defined as patients ventilated for at least 6 h per day for more than 2 weeks) in intensive care units in the Northern Region of England. Their median age was 69 years (range 21-88 years). Sixty patients (37%) were admitted with medical conditions, 89 (55%) were postoperative patients, whereas 12 (8%) were surgical but required non-operative admission. One hundred and thirty (89%) were weaned and discharged from the intensive care unit during the year. Twenty-two (14%) died and two were transferred to the home ventilation service. Seven patients remained ventilated in intensive care at the end of the study period. Twenty patients (12%) required more than 28 days of respiratory support. These patients occupied on average 6.0% of available intensive care unit beds in the region. This study suggests that in the Northern Region of England there are a significant number of stable but ventilator-dependent patients occupying intensive care beds.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Prevention of propofol‐induced injection pain by remifentanil: a placebo‐controlled comparison with lidocaine*

Roehm¹,

Piper²,

Maleck³

et al. 2003

Anaesthesia

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“…Intravenous administration of Propofol is associated with a high incidence (10-100%) of pain and discomfort. 5 One of the most common side effects of propofol is pain during intravenous injection which is usually distressing to the patients. Minimising pain on injection of propofol enhances the patient's perception of quality and acceptability of anaesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Analgesic Effect of Lignocaine and Tramadol in Ameliorating Propofol Injection Pain

Mantha¹,

Chintalapudi²,

Vinnakota³

et al. 2019

jebmh

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BACKGROUNDPropofol is an ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent which provides smooth induction and recovery, but its adverse effect is considerable pain on injection of unknown cause. Various drugs like lignocaine, tramadol, ketorolac, opioids, metoclopramide can be co-administered to alleviate pain. The purpose of this study is to compare the analgesic effect of lignocaine and tramadol in ameliorating propofol injection pain. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this prospective placebo controlled double blinded study, one hundred and fifty patients under general anaesthesia with propofol as inducing agent of ASA grade 1 and grade 2, were randomly allocated into three groups (A, B, C). In all cases, the drugs were administered slowly one minute prior to the injection of propofol and pain scores were measured immediately. Verbal responses for pain were also recorded. RESULTSResults were analysed by Z-test. p value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Incidence of pain was 16% in Group A, 26% in Group B and 86% in Group C. The difference in the incidence of pain in Group A (lignocaine group) and in Group B (Tramadol Group) was not statistically significant (p Value >0.05). However, both the drugs effectively reduced the incidence of pain on propofol injection when compared to placebo group. (p value <0.05), by Z test (Z>1.96). CONCLUSIONThere is no statistically significant difference between lignocaine and tramadol with regard to their efficacy in reducing propofol injection pain. Both the drugs (Lignocaine 60 mg and Tramadol 50 mg), can be given one minute prior to the propofol injection and they could prevent the pain of propofol injection in patients undergoing general anaesthesia, as compared to the placebo group.

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“…Finally, the study was performed at room temperature and the temperature of the propofol solution during the infusion was not controlled. Temperature is an important factor in determining injection pain [17, 24,25]. Further investigations are required to clarify the effects of free propofol concentrations on injection pain at different temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion of flurbiprofen axetil reduces propofol injection pain due to a decrease in free propofol concentration

et al. 2007

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Pain on injection of propofol. A comparison of cold propofol with propofol premixed with lignocaine

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Prevention of propofol‐induced injection pain by remifentanil: a placebo‐controlled comparison with lidocaine*

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Prevention of propofol‐induced injection pain by remifentanil: a placebo‐controlled comparison with lidocaine*

A Comparative Study of the Analgesic Effect of Lignocaine and Tramadol in Ameliorating Propofol Injection Pain

Emulsion of flurbiprofen axetil reduces propofol injection pain due to a decrease in free propofol concentration

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