Aim: The aims of our study were to evaluate cases of extremity pain or swelling in paediatric patients using USG to diagnose acute osteomyelitis, and correlate USG findings with MRI findings. Material and methods: 18 paediatric patients with extremity pain or swelling were evaluated. After the clinical and laboratory work-up, imaging was done using radiographic examination, USG and MRI of the affected limb. Results: 5 patients (27.8%) out of 18 were diagnosed with acute osteomyelitis based on USG findings, confirmed by MRI and surgical drainage. The mean age of the patients with acute osteomyelitis was 8.2 years. Male children were more commonly affected as compared to female. The distal metaphysis of the femur was the most common site involved (80%). The right lower limb was more commonly affected. The most frequent presentation was pain at the affected site. On USG, deep soft tissue fluid collection around the bone was present in all cases (100%). Periosteal thickening or elevation with subperiosteal fluid collection was seen in 4 cases (80%). Increased vascularity within or around the periosteum on colour Doppler was seen in 4 cases (80%). Conclusions: Acute osteomyelitis is a common entity in the paediatric population, presenting with acute limb pain and swelling. Early diagnosis and management of acute osteomyelitis are essential to prevent serious complications. USG can play an important role in the early diagnosis of paediatric acute osteomyelitis, and should be incorporated into the treatment protocols followed in cases of suspected acute osteomyelitis. MRI should be reserved as problem-solving tool.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgery more than 1,324,000 primary and revision TKA implantations are done worldwide 1. Various successful implant designs and techniques are available for a primary TKA. Femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is known to have a direct impact on the patella-femoral tracking, knee flexion gap symmetry, knee ROM and mid flexion stability of the implant thereby affecting clinical outcomes and long term survival of a TKA 2-4. Placing the implants in correct coronal and sagittal planes, and achieving the optimum axial and longitudinal rotation of the femoral and tibial components in the replaced knee are known to significantly affect the final outcome of a TKA surgery 5,6. Although femoral component axial rotation as a singular modifiable parameter is known to have a significant impact on the biomechanics of the knee joint throughout the range of motion 7-10 the native distal femoral rotation is not routinely measured preoperatively and surgeons usually rely on various parameters like the surgical trans-epicondylar axis (sTEA), anatomical transepicondylar axis (aTEA), posterior condylar axis (PCA), Whiteside's line and at times some specific instrumentation to decide the final femoral component rotational placement in TKA. Although most implant systems allow for the femoral component rotation during the course of the surgery, interestingly on the contrary there are implant designs with a fixed inbuilt external rotation in the femoral component with no option to change it per-operatively. It is indeed intriguing that both types of TKA design rationales have had good clinical long term results and survival rates. Aim of the study was to ascertain and compare the axial rotation of the Abstract Objectives: A CT based comparative assessment of the femoral component axial rotation (FCAR) achieved in two different design rationales compared to desired distal femoral axial rotation in balanced knees. Methods: 19 males and 31 females randomized in 02 groups of 25 patients each underwent unilateral TKA using two different implant designs (Genesis II & PFC). Posterior Condylar Axis (PCA) Trans-epicondylar Axis (TEA) open angle used to assess axial placement of femoral components per-operatively. CT based evaluation of the TKA done at 06 weeks to assess the FCAR achieved compared to desired value. Results: Mean FCAR for Genesis II group was 3.63 degrees with no difference among the males and females. In PFC group the mean FCAR achieved was 4.07 degrees the mean value was lower in males 3.95 degrees (2.8-6.5) and higher in females 4.16 (2.5-5.2). Mean achieved FCAR achieved in the study is 3.85 degrees. Conclusion: Mean achieved FCAR for the two design rationales showed no statistically significant difference. Mean FCAR in Genesis II group was more than inbuilt 3 degrees and is statistically significant. In a well-balanced knee the mean achieved FCAR in the study is significantly higher (3.85 degrees) than conventional desired 3 degrees.
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