There are several bacteria called superbugs that are resistant to multiple antibiotics which can be life threatening specially for critically ill and hospitalized patients. This article provides up-to-date treatment strategies employed against some major superbugs, like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. The pathogen-directed therapeutics decrease the toxicity of bacteria by altering their virulence factors by specific processes. On the other hand, the host-directed therapeutics limits these superbugs by modulating immune cells, enhancing host cell functions, and modifying disease pathology. Several new antibiotics against the global priority superbugs are coming to the market or are in the clinical development phase. Medicinal plants possessing potent secondary metabolites can play a key role in the treatment against these superbugs. Nanotechnology has also emerged as a promising option for combatting them. There is urgent need to continuously figure out the best possible treatment strategy against these superbugs as resistance can also be developed against the new and upcoming antibiotics in future. Rational use of antibiotics and maintenance of proper hygiene must be practiced among patients.
Kokilaksha Kashayam is a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation prescribed for treating pain and inflammation. The scientific validation of the claimed pharmacological activities of this formulation has not been established yet. In the present work, the anti-inflammatory and Analgesic activity of freshly prepared in house Kokilaksha Kashayam as well as its marketed formulation were evaluated on experimental animals. The Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induces paw edema method, while the analgesic activity was evaluated by means of Eddy’s hot plate, tail-flick and formaldehyde induced tail flick methods. The results indicated that both in-house as well as marketed Kokilaksha Kashayam possess profound anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic property.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.