Conducting metal oxide (CMO) supports lossy mode resonance (LMR) at the CMO-dielectric interface, whereas surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurs at the typical plasmonic metal-dielectric interface. The present study investigates these resonances in the bi-layer (ITO + Ag) and tri-layer (ITO + Ag + ITO) geometries in the Kretschmann configuration of excitation. It has been found that depending upon the layer thicknesses one resonance dominates the other. In particular, in the tri-layer configuration of ITO + Ag + ITO, the effect of the thickness variation of the sandwiched Ag layer is explored and a resonance, insensitive to the change in the sensing medium refractive index (RI), has been reported. Further, the two kinds of RI sensing probes and the supported resonances have been characterized and compared in terms of sensitivity, detection accuracy and figure of merit. These studies will not only be helpful in gaining a better understanding of underlying physics but may also lead to the realization of biochemical sensing devices with a wider spectral range.
We present a numerical investigation of the propagation dynamics of a truncated Airy pulse in a highly dispersive and nonlinear medium by employing the split-step Fourier transform method and look, in particular, into the effects of fourth-order dispersion (FOD) and cubic-quintic-septic nonlinearity on pulse evolution. Presence of FOD cancels the Airy pulse’s self-acceleration along with eclipsing the oscillatory tail during propagation in the linear regime. Further, we observe soliton shedding at low input pulse power in the presence of cubic and quintic nonlinearity and negative FOD. The emergent soliton exhibits temporal shift, and the direction and the extent of the shift depend upon the strengths of cubic and quintic nonlinearities. In the presence of anomalous group-velocity dispersion (GVD) with negative FOD, soliton shedding is observed at relatively high input pulse power. The strengths of GVD and nonlinearity play a vital role in the temporal shifting of the emergent soliton. Furthermore, we have explored the effects of septic nonlinearity on soliton shedding in different scenarios of nonlinearity and dispersion.
Chirp can control the dynamics of the Airy pulse, making it an essential factor in pulse manipulation. Finite energy chirped Airy pulses (FECAPs) have potential applications in underwater optical communication and imaging. Hence, it is critical to study the propagation of FECAPs. We present a numerical investigation of the propagation dynamics of a FECAP in a dispersive and highly nonlinear medium. The nonlinearity under study includes self-phase modulation (SPM), self-steepening (SS), as well as intra-pulse Raman scattering (IRS) terms. We have observed soliton shedding, and the chirp parameter is demonstrated to have a considerable impact on the pulse dynamics. In particular, the emergent soliton does not propagate in a straight path; instead, depending on the sign of the chirp parameter, it delays or advances in time. Furthermore, it has been established that the chirp can be employed as an alternate control parameter for spectral manipulation. The results of our study may have implications in supercontinuum generation and for producing tunable sources.
In order to represent the robotic technology in the field of human-machine interaction and wireless communication for allowing interactivity in real-time with virtual objects, it is very necessary to develop some technology that makes the maximum use of robot to help people to do their work in an efficient way in their day to day life. In this Teleoperation system using haptic technology, an operator controls the movements of a robot which is located at some distance. Different types of force sensors, angel sensors and gyro sensors are used to take the input and these inputs are given to microcontroller. The motors in robot arm respond to control signal from controller board. This robotic arm/hand has wide range of application in the area such as in industry for pick and place and in medical for surgery etc. This robotic hand is used where more precision and accuracy is required. This robotic hand replaces human hand in the situation where human hand is unable to penetrate.
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