Wheat is a major cereal crop in the world. However, drought stress causes a severe loss in the productivity of wheat in different growing regions worldwide. Water deficit at the critical stage of the wheat growth causes a significant loss in yield of wheat. Drought stress affects every aspect of wheat growth from germination to maturity. Drought stress hampers different metabolic processes in the plant. It reduces chlorophyll content and photosynthesis in the leaf. It increases the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which affects the various cellular mechanisms and also causes oxidative damage to RNA and DNA. Production of appropriate wheat genotype along with the adjustment of agronomic practices like efficient use of irrigation water, changing the sowing time and seed priming helps to minimize the effect of drought. Here in this review various effects of drought stress in wheat and its management options are discussed in brief.

Wheat is the staple food in the Nepalese diet, and it is grown in most part of the country during the winter seasons. This brief analysis article discusses previous research and studies on the effect of abiotic stress on wheat. Different abiotic stresses induce a number of changes in plant metabolism, and several of these changes in plant in response to different abiotic stresses overlap. stress –induced metabolic changes cause crop growth to be impaired, resulting in low yield. Abiotic stresses are also an important factor that affects yield reduction, productivity decline, and net profit shrinkage according to long term research conducted by various researchers in various location .As a result abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, acidity, water logging and heat most be effectively addressed through management practices such as tillage and planting choices, residue management, sowing time, stress resistance cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to preserve natural resources while minimizing the negative effects and ensuring long term wheat output.

This review paper is prepared to know the information about the present scenario of grain legumes in Nepal. Grain legumes are important crops for improving soil condition and dietary status of human. The area, production and productivity of grain legumes are collected from the data which is published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD). During the fiscal year 2019/20, Grain legumes are grown in 333,740 ha with the production and productivity of 381,987 Mt and 1,151 kg/ha respectively. Among pulses, the winter crop lentil dominates in production (65.76%) as well as in area coverage (62.93%). Grain Legumes Research Program (GLRP) of Nepal in collaboration with the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGAIR) centres works for genetic improvement of lentil, chickpea, pigeon pea, soybean, black gram, fababean and cowpea.