Effect of Abiotic Stress in Wheat: A Review

Abstract

Wheat is the staple food in the Nepalese diet, and it is grown in most part of the country during the winter seasons. This brief analysis article discusses previous research and studies on the effect of abiotic stress on wheat. Different abiotic stresses induce a number of changes in plant metabolism, and several of these changes in plant in response to different abiotic stresses overlap. stress –induced metabolic changes cause crop growth to be impaired, resulting in low yield. Abiotic stresses are also an important factor that affects yield reduction, productivity decline, and net profit shrinkage according to long term research conducted by various researchers in various location .As a result abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, acidity, water logging and heat most be effectively addressed through management practices such as tillage and planting choices, residue management, sowing time, stress resistance cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to preserve natural resources while minimizing the negative effects and ensuring long term wheat output.

Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions using morpho-physiological traits under varying levels of salinity stress at seedling stage

“…Among various abiotic stresses, soil salinity is a major obstacle to wheat production in many parts of the world, leading to yield losses ( El Sabagh et al, 2020 ). Salinity impairs the seedling establishment, stunts plant growth, causes poor reproductive development, and ultimately declines the crop yield ( Dhakal et al, 2021 ).…”

PHYSIOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL & BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) AGAINST HEAT & DROUGHT STRESS AND THE TOLERANCE MECHANISM – A REVIEW

“…27.5% decrease in the mean yield under drought conditions whereas 34.4% reduction in the Wheat biomass at the tillering stage (Bhandari et al, 2021). The changes in morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular properties of the plant during changes in different stages due to shortage of water in drought stress conditions (Dhakal et al, 2021). During physiological changes: -Yield loss, Diminished growth rate, Changes in cell wall integrity, Leaf water potential reduction, Reduction in the rate of photosynthesis, Reduced chlorophyll content.…”

“…Low or high temperatures, insufficient or excessive water supply, high salt, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation are all abiotic stresses that are harmful to wheat. They pose a serious threat to agriculture and the environment and significantly reduce crop yields (Dhakal et al, 2021).…”

“…Of the total area only 66.21 % of the area is irrigated, the rest being fully dependent upon irrigation (MOALD, 2017;Akter and Rafiqul, 2017). In 2020-21 the wheat production volume was more than 768.9 million metric tonnes in the world, whereas 2210 tonnes in 2020 in Nepal (Anjana et al, 2021;Dhakal et al, 2021). It is grown on 703992 hectares, with a national average yield of 2.84 t/ha (MOALD, 2020).…”

The Mitigation of Phytopathogens in Wheat under Current and Future Climate Change Scenarios: Next-Generation Microbial Inoculants

“…Abiotic stressors affecting wheat yield and quality around the world include mainly water deficit, frost events, heat shock, high salinity, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, which affect the photosynthesis process, causing shifts in the developmental stages of the plant, thus damaging floral organs and decreasing the number of grains [7,8]. These abiotic threats for crops will continue intensifying with climate change, as projections indicate shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, and an increase in drought periods [9].…”