Ganga River water is very much stressed with the rapidly increasing population, climate change and water pollution that increase domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. This study assesses the surface water quality of the River Ganga in India, using NSFWQI, OIP and multivariate techniques. During the current study, water samples from Ganga River were collected for the assessment of 19 physico-chemical determinants from 20 sampling locations. Water quality indices (WQIs) is used to classify the overall impact of different variables of water. Multivariate techniques were utilized to assess the water conditions for productive management of fresh water quality. The WQI results showed that surface water quality varied at the selected sampling sites among medium and good categories. The PCA generates the 6 principle components which highly contributes (80.3%) in influencing the hydro-chemistry of river water. Agricultural waste runoff, untreated effluents and many other anthropogenic activities were identified as main contributor in decreasing the water quality of the River Ganga. To maintain and protect this fresh water resources against contamination, the usage of stringent policies and rules are expected to preserve fresh water resources for people in the future.
National river of India, Ganga River, nurturing ecological, economic, and socio-cultural aspects defining the last long history of country. Forming the largest catchment, fulfil the needs of millions of people for fresh water used in domestic, agriculture, commercial and industrial sectors. Therefore, River Ganga is always the center of attraction to the administrative authorities, institutions, academicians and researchers for its quality issues. The periodically examination of the river water quality for its conservation, restoration or rejuvenation is essential and conducted by many researcher on different quality aspects. The aim of the present investigation is to estimates the spatio-temporal variability in the Ganga River System's hydrology in upstream regions in the Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand state, India. The result clearly explains considerable variation in water quality index (WQI: 29.39–71.60) screening seasonal variation, defining the deterioration of water quality (WQ) of Ganga River from good to moderate polluted level through the overall index of pollution (OIP). Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) has implied to identify the pollution sources. The PCA generates seven components and contributes (85.1%) to influencing river water's hydrochemistry. These outcomes give detailed information to understand the water quality affecting factors in the Ganga River system. The management and remedial practices are an urgent task required to conserve WQ in the upstream region to check WQ's further deterioration in the future.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.