Computer docking provides the necessary data for biochemists, chemists, and pharmacologists to design and study ligands for various proteins and identifying the ligands that bind effectively in the active site of these protein structures. There are varieties of docking strategies which are based different algorithms but herein authors used genetic algorithms. Herein, Estrogen sulfotransferase (1AQU), Q251Q8 DESHY protein taken from Desulfitobacterium hafniense (3IPF), anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL (2O1Y) and βcatenin (1JDH) have been chosen to interact with noscapines via docking method. Standard docking approach was used for docking calculations based on the generic algorithms. Scoring of ligands was done which is based on the fitness score, which is basically the total energy docking interaction. The most fit noscapine derivative for each protein was reported.
Rice is the predominant crop in India and is the staple food in eastern and southern Indian populations. One of the oldest grown crops is rice. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) three-line system made it possible to produce hybrids that significantly increase rice yields compared to its inbred counterparts. Further genetic and molecular studies help elucidate the mechanisms involved in CMS male sterility. Additional CMS types were also discovered with similar genetic control from wild sources by interspecific hybridization. In India more than 1200 varieties were released for cultivation suitable different ecosystems and out of them 128 varieties have been contributed from NRRI, Cuttack. A list of these varieties are furnished below with their duration, grain type, yield potential, reaction to major disease and insects grain quality and tolerance to different adverse situations. Recent advances in molecular approaches used in modern rice breeding include molecular marker technology and marker-assisted selection (MAS); molecular mapping of genes and QTLs and production of hybrids and alien introgression lines (AILs). Genomic selection (GS) has been projected as alternative to conventional MAS. GS has huge potential to enhance breeding efficiency by increasing gain per selection per unit time. Due to the adaptation of semi dwarf high yielding varieties, combined with intensive input management practices, the country witnessed an impressive rice production growth in the post-independent period. Rice production was increased four times, productivity three times while the area increase was only one and half times during this period. The projected rice requirement by 2025, in order to keep up with increasing population, is about 130 m.t. The challenge of growing rice production is made more difficult by declining trends in HYV’s yields, decreasing and degrading natural resources such as land and water and a severe labour shortage.
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