Quantification of post harvest damage in peaches in São Paulo's wholesale marketThe occurrence of post harvest disturbances in peaches (Prunus persicae) is an important cause of product depreciation during its commercialization. The objectives of this paper were to quantify and characterize the post harvest damage in peaches at CEAGESP, the biggest wholesale market in the State of São Paulo. The incidence of damages was assessed at 1% of commercialized fruits in CEAGESP, at each evaluation date during the periods of October 2001 to January 2002 and October 2002 to January 2003. The sampling was stratified on the basis of peach variety. All fruits of the sample were evaluated at CEAGESP for quantification of biotic and abiotic damages. Fruits showing initial rotting without any pathogen signs were incubated for 48 h in a moist chamber and then causal agents were identified. On average, 1835 fruits were sampled in each evaluation. The post harvest damage ranges from 4.9 to 44.5% of the sampled fruits. Damage due to diseases varied from 2.4 to 15.2%. Fungi from the genera Rhizopus, Monilinia, Geotrichum, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Alternaria were detected besides bacteria and yeast-like fungi. Yeasts were found at all sampling dates in significant amounts (up to 46%) in the fruits which showed rot associated with wounds. There was no difference in susceptibility among the most commercialized varieties. There was also no difference in damage among fruits kept in different types of containers. The level of damage was related only to the provenance of the fruit.Additional keywords: post harvest diseases, Monilia, Rhizopus, Prunus persicae. Bastch] podem ser de natureza física, fisiológica e patológica e se expressam desde a colheita até seu uso pelo consumidor (Snowdon, 1990;Kluge et al., 2001). Há pouquíssimas avaliações precisas dos danos provocados por anomalias pós-
Characterization and commercialization of fresh tomatoes at CEASA: profile of wholesalersThe Terminal Markets are the main centers for distribution of vegetables, fruits and flowers from different States of Brazil. The CEAGESP wholesalers can be shippers or growers. The amount of tomato commercialized in these terminal markets is very expressive. It was possible to determine the profile and the main features of the wholesale market at CEAGESP. About 45.8% of the wholesalers had an average commercialization volume of 10,000 tons/year, and 70.8% of them commercialize their own production. Cultivars Carmen and Débora were the leaders on the market. The results pointed out that wholesalers had more than one type of buyer, and the main ones were street fair and supermarkets. Most of the tomato is commercialized in boxes (box K), followed by 20.8% of plastic boxes and 16.7% of cardboard packages. CEAGESP wholesalers adopt tomato classification, either done manually (58.4%), or by machines (8.3%) or using both systems (33.3%). The standardization index was not satisfactory, with color and sizes in different degrees, and therefore 45.8% has to be reclassified.
RESUMO:A criação do Programa Brasileiro para a Modernização da Horticultura pela Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, em conjunto com a Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP), determinou a padronização das hortaliças e frutas comercializadas nos seguintes aspectos: grau de coloração, formato, calibres, defeitos e embalagens, um trabalho iniciado em setembro de 1997. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar a classificação fornecida pelo Programa Brasileiro com a realizada pelos atacadistas no mercado da CEAGESP, verificando se as normas estabelecidas estão sendo cumpridas para os tomates cultivares Carmem e Débora (SAKATA SEED). Os resultados mostraram que, para o tomate cultivar Carmem, a partir da análise de teste de hipótese de proporção, as médias dos valores observados não se afastam muito das normas criadas pelo Programa para os tamanhos pequeno e médio. Porém, para o caso do tomate cultivar Débora, encontraram-se, a partir dos resultados, diferenças entre as classificações adotadas, percebendo que os tomates estavam desvalorizados, pois estavam sendo comercializados em padronização inferior às normas indicadas pelo Programa Brasileiro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., normas de padronização, atacadista. CLASSIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF TOMATOES CV. CARMEM AND DEBORA IN THE CEAGESP -SÃO PAULO -BRAZIL SUMMARY:The creation of the Brazilian Program for the Modernization of the Horticulture by the Secretariat of Agriculture and Supplying of the State of São Paulo at CEAGESP, determined the standardization of fruit and vegetables in the follow aspects: degree of coloration, format, calibers, defects and packing. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to correlate the classification given by the Brazilian Program with the one used by the wholesalers at CEAGESP, verifying if the established norms are being fulfilled for cultivar Carmen and Debora (SAKATA SEED). The results showed, that for cultivar Carmem, for the averages of the observed values it does not move away from the norms created by the Program for sizes small and medium. However, for the case of cultivar Debora, the results showed differences between the adopted classifications. The tomatoes were devaluated, because had been commercialized below of the standardization indicated for the Brazilian Program.
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