Abstract. The number of people using online tablets in public places has increased dramatically. Their postures are dominantly characterized by nonneutral and awkward positions that in the long term may lead to a higher risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tablet compared to laptop (i.e. netbook) usage postures on the development of fatigue, discomfort and pain. A total of 12 participants accomplished email typing tasks for 2 hours with four different usage configurations: 1) Netbook-on-table, 2) Netbook-on-lap, 3) Tablet-on-table, and 4) Tablet-on-lap. Changes in fatigue, discomfort, and pain were monitored based on pinch grip strength (tip pinch, key pinch, and palmar pinch), rating of perceived discomfort, and Phalen's & Reverse Phalen's tests, respectively. The results indicated that the effect of portable device placement was significant (p < 0.05), with varied effects across measurements. No effect of portable computer type was found. The interactive effect of portable computer type and placement was only significant for right tip pinch (p < 0.05). The findings of this study can hopefully be used to increase the awareness of tablet users about associated fatigue, discomfort and pain while using a tablet in public places that may lead to a higher risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
PT XYZ membutuhkan tenaga mesin dan kerja fisik operator dalam proses produksi botol plastik. Namun, tenaga manusia memiliki keterbatasan fisik apabila melakukan aktivitas yang berlebihan. Risiko cedera dan kecelakaan kerja yang akan terjadi cukup tinggi apabila dibiarkan. Salah satu, cidera kerja yang dialami oleh operator dalam aktivitas produksi yaitu, gangguan musculoskeletal, cidera ditangan dan sakit pinggang. Hal ini, disebabkan aktivitas kerja yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang dan mengkibatkan cidera, serta penurunan produktivitas kerja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan berupaya menemukan solusi permasalahan dengan mengukur level risiko menggunakan pendekatan metode cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) risk index. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, diperoleh level cidera pada tiga faktor utama dan satu faktor tambahan, meliputi : Frequency Factor (1,98), Posture Factor (0,9) dan Force Factor (3,441), serta Miscellaneous Factor (1). Kemudian, diperoleh CTD Risk Index sebesar 1,996. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa, CTD Risk Index menghasilkan level risiko kumulatif > 1. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan risiko cidera kumulatif pada operator di stasiun kerja, sehingga dapat menimbulkan cidera otot. Dengan demikian, solusi dari permasalahan dari penelitian ini yaitu diperlukan adanya waktu istirahat dan perbaikan layout stasiun kerja, sehingga operator dapat bekerja dengan postur tubuh yang baik dan mencegah terjadinya risiko kerja, kelelahan otot yang mengakibatkan Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs).
Blockchain technology provides benefits for improving performance, service and data security, as well as facilitating digital transactions and financial records. The main problems for MSMEs in Indonesia are related to limited working capital and low financial literacy. Blockchain technology can solve the problems faced by MSMEs in Indonesia. However, this technology has not been fully used by MSMEs. Therefore, this study aims to measure the readiness of business actors to use blockchain technology through the Technology Readiness Index approach. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire with a sample of 120 respondents (MSMEs). The data processing of this research uses cluster analysis with TRI segmentation results including: explorers (37.5%), Laggards (9.2), Skeptics (15%), Pioneers (38.3%). In addition, the TRI score is included in the High Technology Readiness category of (3.77). This shows that business actors as blockchain technology have a good level of readiness to adopt blockchain technology.
[Id]Penggunaan komputer portabel menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mahasiswa. Khususnya komputer jinjing dan tablet yang memudahkan mahasiswa dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Mahasiswa seringkali menggunakan komputer portabel di tempat-tempat umum karena sifat yang ringan dan mudah dibawa kemana saja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perilaku mahasiswa dalam menggunakan perangkat komputer portabel. Pengukuran dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui durasi penggunaan, lama kepemilikan, perilaku penggunaan di tempat umum, serta keluhan atau ketidaknyamanan saat menggunakan komputer jinjing dan tablet. Hasil survei membuktikan 92 persen mahasiswa menggunakan komputer portabel di tempat-tempat umum, khususnya tempat makan. Sebagian besar mahasiswa menggunakan komputer jinjing untuk melakukan pekerjaan office (word, excel, power point), sedangkan tablet digunakan untuk mengakses media sosial. Posisi duduk dengan komputer portabel di atas meja menjadi posisi yang paling sering dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Area tubuh yang mengalami keluhan tertinggi dalam menggunakan komputer jinjing dan tablet yaitu bagian leher. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai perilaku mahasiswa dalam menggunakan komputer portabel.Kata kunci: komputer jinjing, tablet, kelelahan[en] Nowadays, the existence of portable computer devices such as netbook and tablet has eased student to do their job. In general, portable computer is lightweight and easy to carry regularly so people can use it in public places. The purposes of this research are to analyze behaviour of students in using a portable computer device. Measurements carried out to determine the duration of use, length of ownership, usage behavior in public places, and feel discomfort when using portable computers and tablets.Based on the survey result, 92 percent of college students use portable computers in public places, especially in restaurants. Most students use laptops to do office work (word, excel, power point), whereas tablets are used to access social media. The position of sitting with portable computer on a table into a position that is most often done by the students. The highest perceived complaints of students in using a portable computer and a tablet that is part of the neck. The results of this study can give information about the behavior of students in the use of portable computers.Keywords: fatigue, netbook, tablet
Energy demand, particularly electricity for many activities, increases in line with the growth of urban population. Nowadays, most of energy supply in urban area is still dominated by the fossil fuel sources. As the use of fossil fuel increases, so does the greenhouse gas emission closely linked to global warming effects. Moreover, population growth also implies on waste production resulted from industrial and domestic activities. This paper applies waste to energy concept by estimating potential renewable energy from the slaughterhouse waste in Bandung City, Indonesia. This study is aimed to predict the potential contribution of waste from cattle, consisting of blood, rumen and feces from the slaughterhouses for biogas production. This research applies direct observation technique, interview and literature review methods. The location of this research was at the public and private slaughterhouses in Ciroyom, Cirangrang, and Regol of the Bandung City. The results showed that biogas could be produced by 139,977 m3/year equivalent to 658 MWh/year of electricity production. To support the city’s energy security, this potential energy source may contribute around 49.8% of the household electricity supply equivalent to 16.7% of the total electricity supply in Bandung City. This finding could be beneficial to the larger pilot study concerning the sustainable city program.
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