IBD has a significant impact on labor force participation that is higher in CD compared with UC and highest in younger and more highly educated patients.
Aims: To examine the dimensionality, internal consistency, and construct validity of a new physical workload questionnaire in employees with musculoskeletal complaints. Methods: Factor analysis was applied to the responses in three study populations with musculoskeletal disorders (n = 406, 300, and 557) on 26 items related to physical workload. The internal consistency of the resulting subscales was examined. It was hypothesised that physical workload would vary among different occupational groups. The occupations of all subjects were classified into four groups on the basis of expected workload (heavy physical load; long lasting postures and repetitive movements; both; no physical load). Construct validity of the subscales created was tested by comparing the subscale scores among these occupational groups.Results: The pattern of the factor loadings of items was almost identical for the three study populations. Two interpretable factors were found: items related to heavy physical workload loaded highly on the first factor, and items related to static postures or repetitive work loaded highly on the second factor. The first constructed subscale ''heavy physical work'' had a Cronbach's a of 0.92 to 0.93 and the second subscale ''long lasting postures and repetitive movements'', of 0.86 to 0.87. Six of eight hypotheses regarding the construct validity of the subscales were confirmed. Conclusions: The results support the internal structure, internal consistency, and validity of the new physical workload questionnaire. Testing this questionnaire in non-symptomatic employees and comparing its performance with objective assessments of physical workload are important next steps in the validation process. P hysical workload is thought to be an important cause of musculoskeletal disorders. These are common and often cause disability and sick leave. [1][2][3][4] There is moderate to strong evidence for a relation between different aspects of physical workload and the occurrence of back, neck, shoulder, and hip pain. [5][6][7][8][9] Investigating the contribution of physical workload to musculoskeletal disorders can be done in several ways. In retrospective studies (for example, case-control) or large prospective studies, observation or direct measurements are not usually feasible, so self administered questionnaires are used as an alternative. Although it is not possible to quantify the workload and only crude estimations of the amplitude, frequency, or duration of workload can be made, information collected by questionnaire may be sufficient to rank the physical workload of specific activities, tasks, or jobs. 10Several questionnaires on physical workload have been developed and most of these are composed of various items relating to physical load (for example, posture, manual handling loads, repetitive movements, static load). These items are either summed 11 or analysed separately. 12-14 Some investigators have divided their questionnaires into several subscales. Wiktorin et al 15 developed a 92 item questionnaire for t...
Background. Conservative interventions such as physiotherapy and ergonomic adjustments (such as keyboard adjustments or ergonomic advice) play a major role in the treatment of most work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (CANS). Objectives. This systematic review aims to determine whether conservative interventions have a significant impact on outcomes for work-related CANS in adults. Search strategy. We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (March 2005) and Cochrane Rehabilitation and Related Therapies Field Specialised Register (March 2005), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2005), PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED and reference lists of articles. The date of the last search was March 2005. No language restrictions were applied. Selection criteria. We included randomised controlled trials and concurrent controlled trials studying conservative interventions (e.g. exercises, relaxation, physical applications, biofeedback, myofeedback and workplace adjustments) for adults suffering CANS. Data collection and analysis. Two authors independently selected trials from the search yield, assessed the methodological quality using the Delphi list, and extracted relevant data. We pooled data or, in the event of clinical heterogeneity or lack of data, we used a rating system to assess levels of evidence. Main results. For this update we included six additional studies; twenty-one trials in total. Seventeen trials included people with chronic nonspecific neck or shoulder complaints, or nonspecific upper extremity disorders. Over twenty-five interventions were evaluated; six main subgroups of interventions could be determined: exercises, manual therapy, massage, ergonomics, energised splint and individual treatment versus group therapy. Overall, the quality of the studies was poor. In 14 studies a form of exercise was evaluated, and contrary M I N E R V A M E D I C A C O P Y R I G H T ® VERHAGEN ERGONOMIC, PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS FOR WORK-RELATED COMPLAINTS OF THE ARM, NECK OR SHOULDERto the previous review we now found limited evidence about the effectiveness of exercises when compared to massage and conflicting evidence when exercises are compared to no treatment. In this update there is limited evidence for adding breaks during computer work; massage as add-on treatment on manual therapy, manual therapy as add-on treatment on exercises; and some keyboard designs when compared to other keyboards or placebo in participants with carpal tunnel syndrome.Conclusions. There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of keyboards with an alternative force-displacement of the keys or an alternative geometry, and limited evidence for the effectiveness of exercises compared to massage, breaks during computer work compared to no breaks; massage as an add-on treatment to manual therapy, and manual therapy as an add-on treatment to exercises.
Besides questions on complaint characteristics, information on somatization and support can help a general practitioner to recognize patients at risk of persistent complaints.
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