OBJECTIVE We wanted to evaluate associations between diagnosis and characteristics of the patient, complaint, and general practitioner (GP), as well as 6 common management decisions, in patients with nontraumatic arm, neck, and shoulder complaints at the time of the fi rst consultation with their physician.
METHODSWe undertook an observational cohort study set in 21 Dutch general practices, including 682 patients with nontraumatic complaints of arm, neck, and shoulder. The outcome measure was application (yes/no) of a specifi c management option: watchful waiting, additional diagnostic tests, prescription of medication, corticosteroid injection, referral for physiotherapy, and referral for medical specialist care.RESULTS Separate multilevel analyses showed that overall, the diagnostic category, having long duration of complaints, and reporting many functional limitations were most frequently associated with the choice of a management option. For watchful waiting, only complaint variables played a role (long duration of complaints, high complaint severity, many functional limitations, recurrent complaint). All these variables were negatively associated with watchful waiting. When opting for 1 of the 5 other management options, several physician characteristics played a role as well. Less clinical experience was associated with additional diagnostic tests and referral to a medical specialist. GPs working in a solo practice more frequently referred to a medical specialist. GPs working in a rural area more frequently referred for physiotherapy. Female GPs prescribed medication less frequently. Physicians with special interest in musculoskeletal complaints gave corticosteroid injections more frequently.CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic category, long duration of complaints, and high functional limitations were key variables in management decisions with these complaints. In addition, several physician characteristics played a role as well. Ann Fam Med 2009;7:446-454. doi:10.1370/afm.993.
INTRODUCTIONC omplaints of arm, neck, and shoulder are very common in Western societies. 1,2 In the Netherlands the estimated 12-month prevalence in the general population was 31% for neck pain, 30% for shoulder pain, 11% for elbow pain, and 18% for wrist or hand pain.1,2 Studies have reported that of the respondents with noninfl ammatory musculoskeletal pain, about 30% to 45% contacted their general practitioner (GP).1,3 In Dutch general practice, incidence data for patients with nontraumatic arm, neck, or shoulder complaints show 97 consultations per 1,000 registered persons annually. 4 Common management options for patients with nontraumatic arm, neck, and shoulder complaints are watchful waiting, additional diagnostic tests, prescription of medication, referral for physiotherapy, a corticosteroid injec-
447A R M, NEC K , A ND SHOUL DER CO MPL A IN T S tion, and referral for medical specialist care. Use of these 6 management options shows wide variation, however, both between and within diagnostic groups.5 Until now, no studies have ...