A recombinant hybrid of manganese dependent-superoxide dismutase of Staphylococcus equorum and S. saprophyticus has successfully been overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified, and characterized. The recombinant enzyme suffered from degradation and aggregation upon storage at -20 °C, but not at room temperature nor in cold. Chromatographic analysis in a size exclusion column suggested the occurrence of dimeric form, which has been reported to contribute in maintaining the stability of the enzyme. Effect of monovalent (Na(+), K(+)), divalent (Ca(2+), Mg(2+)), multivalent (Mn(2+/4+), Zn(2+/4+)) cations and anions (Cl(-), SO4 (2-)) to the enzyme stability or dimeric state depended on type of cation or anion, its concentration, and pH. However, tremendous effect was observed with 50 mM ZnSO4, in which thermostability of both the dimer and monomer was increased. Similar situation was not observed with MnSO4, and its presence was detrimental at 200 mM. Finally, chelating agent appeared to destabilize the dimer around neutral pH and dissociate it at basic pH. The monomer remained stable upon addition of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. Here we reported unique characteristics and stability of manganese dependent-superoxide dismutase from S. equorum/saprophyticus.
Obat merupakan komoditas yang memiliki banyak manfaat, namun juga dapat memberikan dampak negatif jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Salah satu dampak negatifnya adalah obat sisa yang sudah tidak digunakan oleh masyarakat akan menjadi sampah B3 rumah tangga yang membahayakan lingkungan hidup. Mengingat dampak kesehatan dan lingkungan yang cukup besar terkait obat sisa, peneliti melakukan penelitian terkait pengelolaan obat yang tidak terpakai dalam skala rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode penelitian analisis kuantitatif. Data diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner kepada responden sebanyak 100 (seratus) rumah tangga di Kota Bandung yang dipilih melalui cluster random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 86,0% rumah tangga memiliki obat di rumah yang diperoleh dari fasilitas kesehatan (rumah sakit, klinik, dan puskesmas) (39%) dan apotek (38%). Sebanyak 25,53% dari obat yang dimiliki tidak lagi digunakan dan didominasi oleh golongan analgesik-antipiretik (6,28%) dan obat batuk dan flu (6,69%). Hampir seluruh responden di Kota Bandung (93%) membuang obat yang tidak lagi digunakan ke tempat sampah tanpa prosedur yang tepat dan sisanya membuang ke saluran air, dikubur, atau dibakar. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi resiko pencemaran lingkungan yang tinggi dan timbulnya dampak negatif lain dari segi sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan.
Krim pencerah kulit wajah merupakan salah satu kosmetik yang banyak digunakan oleh kaum wanita karena memiliki manfaat untuk mengatasi hiperpigmentasi pada kulit, perawatan bintik-bintik hitam dan dapat mencerahkan warna kulit wajah sehingga dapat membuat wanita tampil lebih cantik. Namun dibalik manfaatnya yang baik, krim pencerah kulit wajah memiliki kandungan merkuri yang dapat memberikan dampak buruk bagi kesehatan penggunanya. Oleh karena itu pentingnya tingkat pengetahuan tentang bahaya penggunaan krim pencerah kulit wajah yang mengandung merkuri. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Pasirbiru dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif pengolahan data primer hasil penyebaran kuesioner kepada 100 orang responden wanita melalui progam SPSS. Hasil yang didapat dari pengolahan data pada SPSS menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat Kelurahan Pasirbiru termasuk dalam kategori baik yang menunjukkan sejumlah 64% respoden termasuk ke dalam kategori tersebut. Kemudian terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan terhadap penggunaan krim pencerah kulit wajah yang mengandung merkuri di Kelurahan Pasirbiru dengan nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,004 dan pearson correlation 0,286.
Typhoid fever is a disease with a high prevalence in Indonesia. This disease is caused by a species of pathogenic bacteria called Salmonella typhi. The case of handling typhoid fever becomes more complicated when many cases of Salmonella typhi's resistance to antibiotics are found as the first line of treatment. An alternative treatment is needed to handle the resistance cases, one of them by using herbs. Indonesian people often use alternative medicine in the form of herbs. This study aims to see the correlation of news coverage in electronic media related to herbal medicine information in curing typhoid fever with the results of research that has been done. The research method used was an observation of electronic media with news related to typhoid fever in Bahasa Indonesia and reviews of scientific reports that showed antibacterial activity against S. typhi. The results showed that 17 herbs were informed in the media as anti-typhoid fever drugs, 11 of them (64.7%) had been studied as having antibacterial activity against S. typhi.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first appeared in China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new virus previously unknown to humans. Here we look at what is known about this virus, the main method for detecting the presence of this virus in a person who is used as a golden standard, and the problems that could arise in this detection method. Understanding the biology of the virus and the strengths and weaknesses of the detection method are important for patient management and for overcoming the pandemic.
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