Vehicular pollution in cities is engendering the need to enhance the sequestration of CO
2
through bio-edaphic factors, such as trees and soil. Hence, this pioneering study aimed to analyze the interdependencies of the bio-edaphic ecosystem during carbon sequestration on a national highway in Guwahati, Assam, India. To quantify the tree carbon stock, soil physicochemical properties, soil nutrients, bulk density, organic carbon, and soil carbon stock, trees with diameters at breast height (dbh) ≥ 2 cm and soil samples from different depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, and 30–45 cm) were taken from six areas spread over 36 plots of equal size (2 × 10 m) arranged in a zig-zag manner. The studied parameters were compared among the different areas. It was found that the tree and soil carbon stock, along with soil nutrients, were greater in the Garchuk-Lokhra area (sample area-4). A significantly strong correlation was observed between the soil carbon stock and the above and below-ground biomass of trees (AGB, r = 0.865; BGB, r = 0.847), which indicated the co-dependencies of the bio-edaphic ecosystem in accumulating carbon.
Peltophorum ferrugineum
(Decne.) Benth is recommended for planting because it has emerged as a tolerant species and has the greatest carbon storage potential. The bio-edaphic ecosystem of the national highway is now on a carbon-friendly trajectory that follows the UNFCCC guidelines and the REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) strategy. However further research on carbon budgeting is required.
Reducing human-elephant conflict (HEC) has recently been recognized as one of the important aspects of wildlife conservation worldwide. Hence, a site-specific study of the efficacy of different traditional methods is necessary to mitigate the HEC in a particular area. Data on elephant visits and the efficacy of different deterrent methods were collected from twelve forest villages in Dharamjaigarh Forest Division of Chhattisgarh, India through field surveys during 2017-21. Findings revealed that both the small male and family herds of elephants mostly visit during the evening hours (50.4%). Interestingly, the family herd of the elephants preferred (95%) the agricultural plot while the small male herd visited mostly (80%) the village area during the entire study period. Making noise was the most common (100%) method practiced by all the villages followed by a fireball (80%). However, in 20% of the cases observed, noise, fireballs, and firecrackers were used to chase out elephants. There were variations in success rate attempts where a maximum (41.7%) was observed in Kudelela and a minimum in Potia (26.4%). Hence, the traditional method is found to be efficient in mitigating the HEC to some extent, however, modern technologies need to be integrated for accruing more efficient results.
Indian industries use water in a very high quantity as compared to other countries' water usage. Inefficient water use by industries in India creates a lot of problems. This quantity could be reduced to a minimal by recycling the water after sufficient treatment. This work aims at sufficient in-situ treatment of wastewater and recycling of water for low-grade applications in the industry. Complete destruction of the contaminant is possible using inexhaustible, free source of energy from sunlight thus consuming very less primary energy for its operation. Photocatalytic experiments were carried out using laboratory photo reactor for degradation of phenol wastewater. The experiments were carried out with 0.2 g/l of TiO2 catalyst for different concentration of phenol wastewater ranging from 100, 300 and 500 ppm. It is found that complete degradation of phenol is possible in a reasonable time (i.e. less than 5 hrs) when concentration of phenol is ≤100 ppm.
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