Albizia procera is an important agroforestry tree species widely distributed across different agricultural systems of India.. Therefore to identify the best seed source is a big challenge and to understand about the seed morphology, germination and seedling growth of some provenances/ seedsource is an important step in helping identification of suitable provenance for establishment in Chhattisgarh. The present study was conducted in Departmental Nursery to determine the variation in pod and seed characteristics in five provenances namely Bilaspur, Bastar, Korba, Raigarh and Sarguja of Chhattisgarh,India. The studies conducted through the estimation of range, mean, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain. The present study revealed that highly significant differences among provenances in all studied parameters except pod thickness. Highest variation among provenances in seed traits were observed in seed weight and seed length while seed thickness has the lowest variation. Significant variations were recorded in all the studied parameter. The extent of variation in pod length and seed width was higher as compared to pod width, seed thickness, seed length and no. of seeds per pod, high heritability is recorded in pod length(46.01%), seed width (67.74%), seed thickness (45.00%) so there is scope for considerable genetic gain.

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Reducing human-elephant conflict (HEC) has recently been recognized as one of the important aspects of wildlife conservation worldwide. Hence, a site-specific study of the efficacy of different traditional methods is necessary to mitigate the HEC in a particular area. Data on elephant visits and the efficacy of different deterrent methods were collected from twelve forest villages in Dharamjaigarh Forest Division of Chhattisgarh, India through field surveys during 2017-21. Findings revealed that both the small male and family herds of elephants mostly visit during the evening hours (50.4%). Interestingly, the family herd of the elephants preferred (95%) the agricultural plot while the small male herd visited mostly (80%) the village area during the entire study period. Making noise was the most common (100%) method practiced by all the villages followed by a fireball (80%). However, in 20% of the cases observed, noise, fireballs, and firecrackers were used to chase out elephants. There were variations in success rate attempts where a maximum (41.7%) was observed in Kudelela and a minimum in Potia (26.4%). Hence, the traditional method is found to be efficient in mitigating the HEC to some extent, however, modern technologies need to be integrated for accruing more efficient results.

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