Highlights Sarsasapogenin, ursonic acid, ajmalicine, novobiocin, silymarin and aranotin are strongly binding to Nsp15 target using autodock software. Curcumin, piperine, gingerol, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid and alpha terpinyl acetate show strong molecular interaction using swissdock software. Most of the phytochemicals predicted to have an ideal pharmacokinetic profile using druolito software.

Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals.Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one-stage process or two-stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free-radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high-valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long-term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate hypocholesterolemic potential of phytoconstituents of ethanolic seed extract of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) by assessments of interaction capabilities with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) reductase through in vivo and in silico assessments along with screening of phytoconstituents of the test extract. The phytoconstituents of the test extract were identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)/MS examinations. The hypercholesterolemic rabbit animal model was used for in vivo study and further examined the lipid profile and atherogenic indices. The treatments of the test extract and standard drug (atorvastatin) caused significant reductions in dyslipidemia indices, that is, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Casteli Risk Index-I (CRI-I), CRI-II and atherogenic coefficient (AC). Accordingly, the molecular docking showed significant interactions between the cuminaldehyde and HMG-CoA reductase compared to the other phytoconstituents. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) validated the interaction capabilities through assessments of N-Substance, V-Volume, T-Temperature (NVT), N-Substance, P-Pressure, T-Temperature (NPT), Root Mean Score Deviation (RSMD), Root Mean Score Fluctuation (RSMF), radius of gyration, system density, and potential energy along with locality assessment of complex interactions evaluated by angle distribution, average angle interaction, free energy of solvation, and solvent accessible surface area (SASA). Subsequently, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) predictions revealed the druggability and bioavailability criteria of the leading identified compounds. On the basis of results obtained, it can be concluded that small phytochemical molecules of test extract of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) have capabilities to inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase and ameliorate the dyslipidemia indices.