The worldwide demand of natural dyes is of great interest due to the increased public awareness about the atmospheric and environmental pollution caused by the commercially available synthetic dyes. Nepal being wealthy in flora, would be fine research laboratory land for the plant based natural dyes. Among most of the natural dyes, plant-based dyes/pigments have wide range of applications in fabric, food, drug coloring, therapeutic values and also in solar cells in presence of different mordants. The use of mordant is inevitable during natural dyeing process in order to improve the fastness properties on fabrics, foods and drugs by forming a co-ordination complex with dye. In this article, a short overview of plant based natural dyes extraction applications and their scope and limitations will be discussed with special reference to Nepal. In the present review, the green methods of dye extraction, and dyeing technologies will be discussed, and the research fields based on natural dyes will be explored. Some of the natural dyes has also shown the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal properties and hence are also discussed with biomedical applications.
Present study evaluates the bio-constituents and bioactivity of extract from roots and stems of Withania somnifera (Aswagandha) of Nepalese origin. The phytochemical screening of methanol and n-hexane extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinone, carbohydrates, resins, xanthoprotein etc. The FTIR analysis helped to confirm the functional groups of various medicinally important compounds. The DPPH percentage radical scavenging activity of methanolic and hexane extracts are found to be 3.587 ± 0.004, and 4.484 ± 0.003 µg/mL respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant goes after the number of total phenolics and flavonoids present on it. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of more than 14 different compounds in the extract. Moreover, the methanol and hexane extract of plant showed 25.8% and 12.9% α-glucosidase inhibitory activity respectively. The results of the study revealed the medicinal values and pharmacological significance of the plant.
Plant-based natural dyes are eco-friendly and less allergic to the human body. Different reports on toxicity and allergic reactions that appeared in synthetic dyes cause interest in natural dyes in recent years. The present study focused on the feasibility of aqueous extraction of plant dyes from the bark of Ficus religiosa (Peepal), a historical tree of Hindu culture. Extracted dyes were characterized by ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to reveal the structural and functional confirmation of extracted dye. Dye was used for dyeing fabric using both natural and commercial mordant. Mordants such as lemon juice and metallic salts such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O), and iron sulphate (FeSO4) are used to set extracted dye on cotton fabrics and other fibers. This research aims to find the effectiveness and feasibility study of the use of natural mordant instead of metallic mordant. The use of natural dyeing with natural mordant is very effective for health purpose but found to be expensive.
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