Police crash reports are often the main source for official data in many countries. However, with the exception of fatal crashes, crashes are often underreported in a biased manner. Consequently, the countermeasures adopted according to them may be inefficient. In the case of bicycle crashes, this bias is most acute and it probably varies across countries, with some of them being more prone to reporting accidents to police than others. Assessing if this bias occurs and the size of it can be of great importance for evaluating the risks associated with bicycling. This study utilized data collected in the COST TU1101 action "Towards safer bicycling through optimization of bicycle helmets and usage". The data came from an online survey that included questions related to bicyclists' attitudes, behaviour, cycling habits, accidents, and patterns of use of helmets. The survey was filled by 8655 bicyclists from 30 different countries. After applying various exclusion factors, 7015 questionnaires filled by adult cyclists from 17 countries, each with at least 100 valid responses, remained in our sample. The results showed that across all countries, an average of only 10% of all crashes were reported to the police, with a wide range among countries: from a minimum of 0.0% (Israel) and 2.6% (Croatia) to a maximum of a 35.0% (Germany). Some factors associated with the reporting levels were type of crash, type of vehicle involved, and injury severity. No relation was found between the likelihood of reporting and the cyclist's gender, age, educational level, marital status, being a parent, use of helmet, and type of bicycle. The significant under-reporting - including injury crashes that do not lead to hospitalization - justifies the use of self-report survey data for assessment of bicycling crash patterns as they relate to (1) crash risk issues such as location, infrastructure, cyclists' characteristics, and use of helmet and (2) strategic approaches to bicycle crash prevention and injury reduction.

Working processes in the technological sewing process are performed on machine systems characterized by machine-manual work, where the worker and the machine work simultaneously. Such a work system requires a great deal of responsibility in terms of quality, quantity, and the accurate and timely execution of tasks, which requires the quick and accurate response and extremely good psychomotor and visual skills of workers. This paper presents the process of determining the working method and normal times for the technological operation of runstitching women’s blouse collars, which includes the design of an ergonomically designed workplace, the selection and technical equipment of the universal sewing machine and the determination of the optimal work method and normal times using the Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) system. The research results obtained indicate that the technical equipment of a universal sewing machine has a significant impact on the structure of the technological sewing operation and the working method, i.e. the number of auxiliary manual technological suboperations. Improving technical equipment, i.e. increasing the number of automated functions used on a universal sewing machine, reduces the number of auxiliary manual suboperations, reduces the time required to perform the technological operation and increases work productivity.

The main characteristic of clothing for protection against heat and flame is the protection of users from external influences and danger in the conditions of elevated temperatures and exposure to flame, fire, smoke, and water. The paper presents research on the clothing system for protection against heat and flame using a fire manikin and systematically analyses the damage caused after testing. As part of the damage analysis, the existence of microdamage and impurities on the clothing system was determined using a USB Dino-Lite microscope. In addition, the intensities and composition of gaseous decomposition products during the thermogravimetric analysis of samples were investigated. The results of the research using a fire manikin showed that the user of the examined clothing system would not have sustained injuries dangerous to health and life, which confirmed the protective properties. The results of the TG-FTIR indicate that the decomposition of the fabric sample of the modacrylic–cotton fiber mixture takes place in three stages, and the identified gaseous degradation products were H2O, CO2, and CO.

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