Under-reporting bicycle accidents to police in the COST TU1101 international survey: Cross-country comparisons and associated factors

Abstract

Police crash reports are often the main source for official data in many countries. However, with the exception of fatal crashes, crashes are often underreported in a biased manner. Consequently, the countermeasures adopted according to them may be inefficient. In the case of bicycle crashes, this bias is most acute and it probably varies across countries, with some of them being more prone to reporting accidents to police than others. Assessing if this bias occurs and the size of it can be of great importance for evaluating the risks associated with bicycling. This study utilized data collected in the COST TU1101 action "Towards safer bicycling through optimization of bicycle helmets and usage". The data came from an online survey that included questions related to bicyclists' attitudes, behaviour, cycling habits, accidents, and patterns of use of helmets. The survey was filled by 8655 bicyclists from 30 different countries. After applying various exclusion factors, 7015 questionnaires filled by adult cyclists from 17 countries, each with at least 100 valid responses, remained in our sample. The results showed that across all countries, an average of only 10% of all crashes were reported to the police, with a wide range among countries: from a minimum of 0.0% (Israel) and 2.6% (Croatia) to a maximum of a 35.0% (Germany). Some factors associated with the reporting levels were type of crash, type of vehicle involved, and injury severity. No relation was found between the likelihood of reporting and the cyclist's gender, age, educational level, marital status, being a parent, use of helmet, and type of bicycle. The significant under-reporting - including injury crashes that do not lead to hospitalization - justifies the use of self-report survey data for assessment of bicycling crash patterns as they relate to (1) crash risk issues such as location, infrastructure, cyclists' characteristics, and use of helmet and (2) strategic approaches to bicycle crash prevention and injury reduction.

Prevalence and factors associated with pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries: case Finland

“…Furthermore, only one city in Finland (Helsinki) has trams, and bicycle accidents are heavily underreported (e.g. [55]). The total for the period 2014-2017 was 285 KSI pedestrians in 281 accidents involving 287 drivers and vehicles.…”

Characteristics of Commuters’ Single-Bicycle Crashes in Insurance Data

“…A main obstacle to gathering information on bicycle crashes is the lack of data [4]. Official crash statistics, which are typically based on police data, include all or almost all fatal traffic crashes in EU countries [5], but the statistics exclude a major part of the crashes with serious or minor injuries, because the police are not always informed of these cases [6].…”

Cyclist Injury Severity in Spain: A Bayesian Analysis of Police Road Injury Data Focusing on Involved Vehicles and Route Environment

“…It is well known that police injury data do not capture all injuries, and in particular slight injuries are under-represented. Under-representation of cyclist-involved collisions have been evidenced over-time and at international level [38,39] and it is an intrinsic limitation of this study due to the use of police data [40]. Police definitions of 'serious injury' also cover quite diverse levels of injury.…”