Pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terjadi pada semua subyek hukum termasuk perempuan dan anak dimana kelompaok ini merupakan subyek yang rentan khususnya kekerasan seksual, hal ini terlihat dari semakin meningkatnya kasus dan beragam jenis kekerasan yang terjadi. Penanganan terhadap masalah kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak selama ini menggunakan Undang-Undang yang ada yaitu Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, UU No 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Pelananggulangan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga dan UU No 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak, saat ini dianggap tidak cukup mampu mengatasi meningkatnya kasus yang terjadi, khususnya jenis kekerasan seksual yang semakin beragam. Jenis kekerasan yang tidak terakomodir dalam regulasi yang ada dan menjadi obyek dalam RUU Kekerasan Seksual adalah pelecehan seksual; eksploitasi seksual; pemaksaan kontrasepsi; pemaksaan aborsi; perkosaan; pemaksaan perkawinan; pemaksaan pelacuran; perbudakan seksual; dan penyiksaan seksual. Ruang lingkup pengaturan mengenai penghapusan kekerasan seksual meliputi pencegahan, penanganan, perlindungan dan pemulihan bagi korban, serta penindakan pelaku. Penghapusan kekerasan seksual yang diatur dalam RUU ini adalah elaborasi dari kewajiban negara dalam mengurangi dan mpenegakan hokum persoalan yang terkait dengan kekerasan seksual yang sering dialami oleh perempuan dan anak. Dalam implementasinya, selain dengan Aparat Penegak Hukum negara wajib melibatkan keluarga, komunitas, organisasi masyarakat,lembaga pers dan korporasi.
Abstract. Academic performance becomes an important determinant of individual quality. it is determined by the function of affective, cognitive, psychomotor, and intelligence. Brain gym can improve learning processes and integrate all areas that related to the learning process. To prove the effect of brain gym towards academic performance of children aged 10-12 years. This study was a quasy experiment study with one group pre and post test design. Samples (n=18 male=7 and female=11) were taken from five and six grader and conducted in Tembalang and Pedalangan Elementary School, Semarang. Pretest were administered, followed by brain gym, and post test administered in the end of study. The measurement of Intelligence Quotient pre and post test using Culture Fair Intelligence Test Scale 2. Among the 18 subjects (male=7 and female=11) the average of academic performance and IQ score after brain gym showed improvement. The Improvement of IQ score with Culture Fair Test Scale 2 was analyzed by Dependent T test showed significant results (p=0,000). The improvement of Bahasa score was analyzed by Wilcoxon test showed significant results (p=0,001), an unsignificant result were shown in Mathematics p=0,079 and natural sciences p=0,306. Brain gym can increase academic performance of children aged 10-12 years old.
Thinking ability is one of the skills that must be had by all people in facing the demands of the 21st century, namely critical thinking skills. This skill can be achieved by delivering the material more clear and objective. Thus, the purpose of this study is to know the effect of implementing blended PjBL integrated 21st century skills on students’ critical thinking skills. The sample of this study amounted to 39 students in the fifth semester of Biology Education at IAIN Palangka Raya with a non-equivalent control group design. The accumulation data of critical thinking skills was obtained by giving 20 items in the critical thinking domain in the form of pretest and posttest questions. The implementation of blended PjBL integrated 21st century skills is quite effective in the high-level class experimental class group, with the acquisition of N-gain = 56.75. This is reinforced by the results of hypothesis testing with the value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 0.05. It can be concluded that the implementation of blended PjBL integrated 21st century skills has a significant effect on students' critical thinking skills. The findings of this study is an alternative integrative model innovation between blended PjBL and 21st century skills-based on student skill level
Temporary special measures or positive discrimination on woman participation in legislatives, or known as affirmative action has been established since 2004 by Political Party and Legislative Acts packages. This research is using qualitative methods with socio-legal approach, which is combining the two aspects: regulation aspect and non-regulation aspect. It is necessary to combine those two aspect to put the text on the context; relation between law and its underpinned implementation on society. The result from this research show that on 2004, the number of East Java Province Legislative’s members were 100, consists of 85 person male and 15 person female. On the district level, Surabaya is the highest number of woman representation by 34% (17 from 50), Madiun 33,3% (10 from 30), Kediri 33,3% (10 from 30, and Probolinggo 33,3% (10 from 30). The lowest precentage were Bangkalan, Sampang, and Pasuruan whose woman’s precentation were below 3%. The main factor of the low women legislative’s representation number were the patriarch culture, the image of domestic women instead of their public-political actions effecting both of the women electability, male-dominated political party’s culture and their political participation itselfKebijakan khusus dikenal dengan prinsip “ Affirmative Action “ atau diskriminasi positif telah diterapkan pada UU Partai Politik dan UU Pemilu Legislatif. Affirmative Action bersifat sementara, sehingga apabila tujuan dan sasaran untuk mencapai kesetaraan telah tercapai atau kelompok-kelompok yang dilindungi telah terintegrasi, maka kebijakan tersebut tidak lagi diterapkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan sosio legal research, Penelitian sosio legal dipilih karena dalam penelitian ini akan dilihat teks dan konsteksnya, juga akan dilihat bagaimana implementasi dan relasi antara UU dengan masyarakat sekitar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di DPRD di Provinsi Jawa Timur terdapat 15 perempuan dari 100 anggota, laki laki 85, sehingga representasi perempuan sebesar 15%. Kota Surabaya mempunyai representasi 34% (17 dari 50), Madiun 33,3%, Kediri 33,3%, Probolinggo 33,3%, Sampang 2,2%, Pasuruan 3,3% ( 1 dari 30) serta Bangkalan 0%. Faktor utama rendahnya representasi adalah budaya patriarkhi yang berkelindan diantara stakeholder, yaitu Partai Politik, perempuan dan masyarakat pemilih
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